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Physiology Part 1 > stuff to study > Flashcards

stuff to study Flashcards

1
Q

what are some things that are only innervated by sympathetic [not para]

A
  • vasculature
  • adrenals
  • liver
  • ventricles of heart
  • skeletal muscle blood vessels
  • sweat glands
  • ## pancreas B cells
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2
Q

What is normal PR interval length?

A

120-200 ms

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3
Q

What is normal QRS?

A

less than 120 ms

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4
Q

What is normal HR?

A

60-100 bpm

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5
Q

What is mech of digoxin?

A

inhibit NA/K atpase

thus increase contractility

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6
Q

Is NO released in response to high or low local flow?

A

low local flow

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7
Q

Na-K ATPase – what in and what out? depolarizing or repolarizing in total?

A
  • 3 Na out for 2 K in

- repolarizing

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8
Q

NCX - what in and what out? depolarizing or repolarizing in total?

A
  • 3 Na in for 1 Ca out

- depolarizing

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9
Q

Na conc in and out of cell?

A

in cell = 10 mM

extracellular = 140 mM

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10
Q

K conc in and out of cell?

A

in cell = 140 mM

extracellular = 5 mM

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11
Q

Equilibrium potential equation?

A

Ex = Vi - Vo = RT/zF * ln [Co / Ci]

RT/F = 25 mV

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12
Q

Is there troponin in smooth muscle?

A

NO! only skeletal/cardiac

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13
Q

Is calmodulin important in cardiac muscle?

A

No! only smooth

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14
Q

Does smooth muscle contraction require action potential?

A

No - but skeletal/cardiac do

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15
Q

What activates MLCK? what inhibits?

A
  • Ca/calmodulin binding activates MLCK

- cAMP inhibits MLCK

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16
Q

What type of G protein is a1 receptor? what secondary messenger path?

A
  • Gq
  • activates phospholipase C that activates PIP2 to DAG and IP3
  • DAG activates Protein kinase C [PKC]
  • IP3 causes release of stored Ca
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17
Q

What type of G protein is B receptor? what secondary messenger path?

A
  • Gs

- increases cAMP

18
Q

What is affect of a1 in eyes?

A

causes pupil dilation [mydriasis]

19
Q

What type of G receptor is M1? secondary messenger path?

A
  • Gq

- increases IP3/DAG

20
Q

What type of G receptor is M2? where is it? what secondary messenger path?

A
  • Gi/o
  • in heart and smooth muscle
  • inhibits CAMP –> decreases PKA
  • B-gamma subunit also activates K+ channel to hyperpolarize
21
Q

What secondary messenger action of a2?

A

decreases cAMP

22
Q

What type of G receptor is M2? secondary messenger?

A
  • Gq

- via IP3/DAG

23
Q

What important drug we talk about can cross blood brain barrier?

A

physostigmine

24
Q

What happens with exogenous ACh in vasculature?

A
  • goes to M receptors in vasculature that normally not innervated
  • causes NO release and vasodilation
25
Q

What is the reflex response in hexomenthonium?

A

none because it blocks ganglia

26
Q

What is dominant tone of eyes? what does this mean for pupil? with a ganglion blocker

A
  • parasympathetic, aka pupil constriction

- with ganglion blocker get mydriasis

27
Q

What is equilibrium potential for K

A
  • 90 mV
28
Q

what is equilibrium potential for Ca

A

+130 mV

29
Q

What is equilibrium potential for Na

A

+ 70 mV

30
Q

At what voltage does Na channel open

A
  • 60 mV
31
Q

At what voltage does Ca channel open

A
  • 40 mV
32
Q

In which contractions does Ca need to enter to get CICR by RyR? in which does it not need to enter?

A
  • does not need to enter in skeletal

- needs to enter in cardiac

33
Q

When does kIr open?

A

-90 mV

34
Q

What makes up funny current? depolarizing or repolarizing?

A

mostly Na, some K

depolarizing

35
Q

What is B stimulation of L type Ca?

A
  • get increased PKA and increased L type Ca phosphorylation

- causes channels to open fully at lower voltage

36
Q

What is function of epidydmis? what type of epithelium?

A
  • location of sperm maturation and storage

- pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

37
Q

What is the site of spermatogenesis?

A

testes

38
Q

What produces majority of seminal fluid?

A

seminal vesicle

39
Q

What type of epithelium in vas deferens?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

40
Q

what type of epithelium in urethra?

A

transitional epithelium

41
Q

what does caffeine do to intestinal secretion, via what secondary messenger?

A
  • increased secretions

- via cAMP

42
Q

What are 4 counterregulatory hormones to insulin

A
  • glucagon
  • cortisol
  • GH
  • epinephrine

Physiology Part 1 (37 decks)

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