ANS_Review Flashcards
What is primary form of termination Ach for catecholamine [NE, E] signal?
Ach: by acetylcholinesterase
NE/E: by reuptake
What is dominant tone of arterioles? affect of ganglionic blockade?
- sympathetic
- blockade: vasodilation, hypotension
What is dominant tone of veins? affect of ganglionic blockade?
- sympathetic
- blockade: dilation, decreased venous return and CO
What is dominant tone of heart? affect of ganglionic blockade?
- parasympathetic
- blockade: tachyardia
What is dominant tone of iris? affect of ganglionic blockade?
- parasympathetic
- blockade: mydriasis [pupil dilation]
What is dominant tone of ciliary muscle? affect of ganglionic blockade?
- parasympathetic
- blockade: cycloplegia [focus to far vision, blurry vision]
What is dominant tone of GI? affect of ganglionic blockade?
- parasympathetic
- blockade: reduced tone/motility, constipation
What is dominant tone of urinary bladder? affect of ganglionic blockade?
- parasympathetic
- blockade: urinary retention
What is dominant tone of salivary glands? affect of ganglionic blockade?
- parasympathetic
- blockade: xerostomia [dry mouth]
What is dominant tone of sweat glands? affect of ganglionic blockade?
- sympathetic
- blockade: andhidrosis [no sweating]
What is dominant tone of genital tract? affect of ganglionic blockade?
- sympathetic and parasympathetic
- blockade: decreased stimulation
6 things that receive soley sympathetic input
- heart ventricles
- vasculature
- adrenal gland
- liver and skeletal muscle [for glucose metabolism]
- sweat glands
- pancreas [B cells]
Where is M2 type muscarininc? what type of GPCR?
- Gi/o
- in heart, smooth muscle
Where is M3 type muscarininic? What type of GPCR?
- Gq/11
- in glands, smooth muscle
What type of M receptor in heart?
M2
Difference between Ach given exogenously and physostigmine?
- ACh will activate M receptors on vasculature and cause vasodilation
- physostigmine will have no effect on vasculature
What is path of exogenous ACh causing vasodilation?
- ACh binds endothelial cells of vasculature that have M receptors
- endothelial cells release NO aka EDRF [endothelial derived relaxation factor]
- NO diffuses to surrounding vasculature smooth muscle
- NO activates guanylyl cyclase and cGMP
- muscle relaxes, vessel dilates
What secondary messenger up or downregulated in NO vascular relaxation?
cGMP upregulated
Mnemonic for atropine poisoning
Blind as a bat = blurry vision [can’t see near]
Mad as a hatter = CNS thing
Red as a beet = losing ability to thermoregulate by sweating so red and hot
Hot as hell
Dry as a bone = dry mouth/low secretions
Bowel and bladder lose their tone = constipation
and the heart runs alone = tachycardia without parasympathetic input
What type of G receptor is a1?
Gq/G11
2 places where a1 noticeably absent
- bronchioles
- heart
What type of G receptor are B receptors?
Gs
Which type of receptor does epi have highest affinity for?
more affinity for B2 than a1
What is affect of epi on BP at high conc? at low conc?
at high conc: increases BP
at low conc: decreases BP [because primarily binds B2]
Does baroreceptor fire more at high or low BP?
baroreceptor fires more at high BP, thus causes more parasympathetic
What are eccrine sweat glands innervated by? apocrine sweat glands?
- eccrine by sympathetic cholinergic [M receptors]
- aprocrine by normal sympathetic adrenergic
What innervates the adrenal medulla?
- long preganglionic sympathetics
- the adrenal medualla is like a sympathetic ganglion
