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Physiology Part 1 > ANS_Review > Flashcards

ANS_Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is primary form of termination Ach for catecholamine [NE, E] signal?

A

Ach: by acetylcholinesterase

NE/E: by reuptake

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2
Q

What is dominant tone of arterioles? affect of ganglionic blockade?

A
  • sympathetic

- blockade: vasodilation, hypotension

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3
Q

What is dominant tone of veins? affect of ganglionic blockade?

A
  • sympathetic

- blockade: dilation, decreased venous return and CO

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4
Q

What is dominant tone of heart? affect of ganglionic blockade?

A
  • parasympathetic

- blockade: tachyardia

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5
Q

What is dominant tone of iris? affect of ganglionic blockade?

A
  • parasympathetic

- blockade: mydriasis [pupil dilation]

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6
Q

What is dominant tone of ciliary muscle? affect of ganglionic blockade?

A
  • parasympathetic

- blockade: cycloplegia [focus to far vision, blurry vision]

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7
Q

What is dominant tone of GI? affect of ganglionic blockade?

A
  • parasympathetic

- blockade: reduced tone/motility, constipation

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8
Q

What is dominant tone of urinary bladder? affect of ganglionic blockade?

A
  • parasympathetic

- blockade: urinary retention

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9
Q

What is dominant tone of salivary glands? affect of ganglionic blockade?

A
  • parasympathetic

- blockade: xerostomia [dry mouth]

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10
Q

What is dominant tone of sweat glands? affect of ganglionic blockade?

A
  • sympathetic

- blockade: andhidrosis [no sweating]

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11
Q

What is dominant tone of genital tract? affect of ganglionic blockade?

A
  • sympathetic and parasympathetic

- blockade: decreased stimulation

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12
Q

6 things that receive soley sympathetic input

A
  • heart ventricles
  • vasculature
  • adrenal gland
  • liver and skeletal muscle [for glucose metabolism]
  • sweat glands
  • pancreas [B cells]
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13
Q

Where is M2 type muscarininc? what type of GPCR?

A
  • Gi/o

- in heart, smooth muscle

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14
Q

Where is M3 type muscarininic? What type of GPCR?

A
  • Gq/11

- in glands, smooth muscle

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15
Q

What type of M receptor in heart?

A

M2

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16
Q

Difference between Ach given exogenously and physostigmine?

A
  • ACh will activate M receptors on vasculature and cause vasodilation
  • physostigmine will have no effect on vasculature
17
Q

What is path of exogenous ACh causing vasodilation?

A
  1. ACh binds endothelial cells of vasculature that have M receptors
  2. endothelial cells release NO aka EDRF [endothelial derived relaxation factor]
  3. NO diffuses to surrounding vasculature smooth muscle
  4. NO activates guanylyl cyclase and cGMP
  5. muscle relaxes, vessel dilates
18
Q

What secondary messenger up or downregulated in NO vascular relaxation?

A

cGMP upregulated

19
Q

Mnemonic for atropine poisoning

A

Blind as a bat = blurry vision [can’t see near]
Mad as a hatter = CNS thing
Red as a beet = losing ability to thermoregulate by sweating so red and hot
Hot as hell
Dry as a bone = dry mouth/low secretions
Bowel and bladder lose their tone = constipation
and the heart runs alone = tachycardia without parasympathetic input

20
Q

What type of G receptor is a1?

A

Gq/G11

21
Q

2 places where a1 noticeably absent

A
  • bronchioles

- heart

22
Q

What type of G receptor are B receptors?

A

Gs

23
Q

Which type of receptor does epi have highest affinity for?

A

more affinity for B2 than a1

24
Q

What is affect of epi on BP at high conc? at low conc?

A

at high conc: increases BP

at low conc: decreases BP [because primarily binds B2]

25
Q

Does baroreceptor fire more at high or low BP?

A

baroreceptor fires more at high BP, thus causes more parasympathetic

26
Q

What are eccrine sweat glands innervated by? apocrine sweat glands?

A
  • eccrine by sympathetic cholinergic [M receptors]

- aprocrine by normal sympathetic adrenergic

27
Q

What innervates the adrenal medulla?

A
  • long preganglionic sympathetics

- the adrenal medualla is like a sympathetic ganglion

Physiology Part 1 (37 decks)

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