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Physiology Part 1 > Lec 3 Physiology basics > Flashcards

Lec 3 Physiology basics Flashcards

1
Q

How do you calculate mMol/L?

A

mg of substance / formula weight / Liters

- tells you how many particles per L solution

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2
Q

How do you calculate mEq/L?

A

mMol/L * valence * # of molec

- tells you ionic charge of solution

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3
Q

How do you calculate mOsm/L?

A

mMol/L * number of particles

- tells you how many total particle to help figure out osmotic pressure

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4
Q

How do you calculate % solutions?

A

grams of substance per 100 mL

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5
Q

What is total body fluid volume?

A

40 Liters

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6
Q

What is extracellular and intracellular volume?

A
  • 15 L extracellular

- 25 L intracellular

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7
Q

What is blood volume?

A

5 L

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8
Q

What percent of fluid volume is extracellular/intracellular?

A 
extracellular = 1/3 of total fluid
intracellular = 2/3 of total fluid
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9
Q

What percent of body weight is blood volume?

A

8% of body weight

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10
Q

What percent of body weight is water?

A

60%

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11
Q

What is normal osmolality?

A

300

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12
Q

What is normal extracellular pH?

A

7.37-7.42

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13
Q

What is major cation in extracellular space?

A

Na

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14
Q

What is major cation in intracellular space?

A

K

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15
Q

What are major anions in extracellular?

A

Cl, HCO3

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16
Q

What are major anions in intracellular?

A

primary anions are actually intracellular proteins

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17
Q

How does urine output change in different conditions?

A

changes to offset differences in sweat/feces/lung/etc in order to maintain water balance

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18
Q

What is the definition of osmotic pressure?

A

pressure needed to offset fluid movement based on osmosis

19
Q

What characteristics make a certain particle an osmotic particle?

A
  1. solute needs to be dissolved [can’t be suspended]

2. has to be trapped on one side of a membrane

20
Q

Does size or number of particles matter in osmotic pressure?

A

number of particles, not size

21
Q

How many mmHg is 1 mOsm/L?

A

19.3

22
Q

3 principles of water shift between body fluid compartments

A
  1. volume of compartment is determine by amount of solute it has
  2. water follows salt
  3. the body does not tolerate osmotic imbalances
23
Q

Do NaCl/NaHCO3 stay extracellular or go into cell when you add them in solution intravenously?

A

Stay extracellular

24
Q

Does K stay extracellular or go into cell when you add it in solution intravenously?

A

goes into cell

25
Q

Does glucose stay extracellular or go into cell when you add it in solution intravenously?

A

goes into cell

26
Q

What is concentration NaCl in normal saline?

A

0.9% NaCl

27
Q

Where does Na go when you inject intravenously with normal saline?

A
  • Na goes to vascular and interstitial spaces

- Na does not get taken up into cell

28
Q

Where does water go when you inject intravenously with normal saline?

A

Distributes with salt to extracellular [vascular + interstitial]

29
Q

Does intravenous normal saline change osmolality of system?

A
  • no, because its isotonic to plasma
30
Q

Do volume/osmolality change in/out of cell when you inject with intravenous normal saline?

A

extracellular: no change osmolality, increase volume
intracellular: no change osmolality or volume

31
Q

Where does Na go when you have high NaCl intake?

A
  • goes to GI and then taken up by blood stream
  • distributes to extracellular volume
  • does not get into cell
32
Q

How does high NaCl intake change osmolarity of extracellular fluid?

A
  • increases extracellular concentration
33
Q

Where does water go in high NaCl intake?

A
  • water goes with salt into blood and interstitial

- water driven out of cell and into intracellular space to balance

34
Q

Does high NaCl intake change osmolarity?

A
  • will increase inside and outside of cell

- get equilibrium of osmolarity in/out of cell but both slightly elevated compared to normal

35
Q

What happens to BP if you add fluid intravenously?

A
  • BP determined by volume in vasculature

- if you inject any fluid intravenously, BP will go up and push fluid into interstitium

36
Q

What kind of fluid are you losing in diarrhea?

A

isotonic

37
Q

What kind of fluid is secreted in normal digestive process?

A

isotonic

38
Q

what kind of fluid is saliva?

A

hypotonic

39
Q

Does osmolarity change in diarrhea?

A

Nope!

40
Q

In diarrhea is there a driving force to move fluid between intra and extracellular?

A

Nope!

41
Q

What are two pathways of trans-epithelial transport?

A
  1. trans-cellular: through cells

2. paracellular: between cells

42
Q

How is water transported from apical to basal surface?

A
  • can transfer through or between cells
43
Q

What proteins are required for trans-cellular water transfer?

A

aquaporins [water channels]

44
Q

What is solvent drag? Where does it occur?

A
  • driving force for water movement causes solvents and RBCS and anything in it to move with it
  • occurs in capillary

Physiology Part 1 (37 decks)

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