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Physiology Part 1 > Lec 30 Physiology of pregnancy > Flashcards

Lec 30 Physiology of pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

When does embryonic criculation begin?

A
  • when placenta forms

- about 21 days

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2
Q

What are the 4 functions of placenta

A
  • provide maternal nutrients and O2 to fetus
  • clear fetal waste
  • confer passive immunity by transfer of maternal antibodies
  • produce hCG, hPL, estrogen, progesterone
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3
Q

What are 2 actions of hCG? what produces it?

A
  • maintains corpus luteum
  • causes maternal nausea

produced by placenta

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4
Q

What is action of progesterone in placenta?

A
  • smooth muscle relaxation
  • maintains relaxation of uterus, bronchioles [pregnant woman has improved asthma over pregnancy] so can inhale more oxygen, Gi relaxation [so more time for absorption of nutrients]
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5
Q

What is action of human placental lactogen [HPL]? what produces it?

A
  • breast growth and lactation
  • diabetogenic = increases insulin resistance in mother, so frees up glucose for fetus that needs it for energy
  • lipolytic: mobilizes free fatty acids in maternal plasma for more maternal energy

produced by placenta

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6
Q

What changes to circulatory system occur to pregnant woman?

A
  • increased venous return
  • increased CO
  • increased blood volume
  • decreased blood pressure
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7
Q

What change to respiratory system occur to pregnant woman?

A
  • increased oxygen consumption
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8
Q

What change to urinary system occur to pregnant woman?

A
  • more renal blood flow, more urine formation

- mother needs to clear metabolic by products from both fetus and mother

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9
Q

What change to digestive system occur to pregnant woman?

A
  • increased nutrient transit time, food moves slower so better absorption but constipation
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10
Q

what happens to pituitary gland in pregnancy? what affect from PP and from AP?

A
  • growth of pituitary

PP:
- increased oxytocin [mainly in labor and lactation]

AP:

  • increased prolactin, corticotropin, thyrotropin, GH
  • decreased FSH , LH
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11
Q

What is function of oxytocin?

A
  • causes muscle contractions
  • involved in uterine contractions of labor
  • causes contraction of breast myoepithelial cells so can eject milk
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12
Q

What happens to adrenal gland in pregnancy?

A
  • increased cortical secretion
  • mobilizes AA for fetus
  • sodium resportion causes fluid retention
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13
Q

What happens to thyroid gland in pregnancy?

A
  • enlarged

- increased TH production

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14
Q

What happens to parathyroid in pregnancy

A
  • enlarged

- causes Ca resorption from maternal bones if needed by fetus

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15
Q

When can you determine gender of fetus?

A

18-20 wks

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16
Q

What is normal amount of weight gain in pregnancy? breakdown of where it comes from?

A

total 25ish pounds

13 pounds: mother

6-9 pounds: fetus

4 pounds: placenta/membranes/fetus

17
Q

What is leopold’s manuever?

A

to determine position of fetus

18
Q

3 stages of labor

A

frist stage: onset labor contractions to full dilation of cervix

second stage: full cervix dilation to delivery of fetus

third stage: delivery of baby to delivery of placenta

19
Q

What is effect of stretch of uterine smooth musculature?

A
  • stretching by fetal growth causes increased contractility
20
Q

what is effect of stretch of uterine cervix?

A
  • feedback mech from cervix, increases contractions
21
Q

What is effect of estrogen on parturition?

A

increases uterine contractility

22
Q

what is effect of progesterone on parturition?

A

decreases uterine contractility

23
Q

How does estrogen/progesterone ratio change in pregnancy?

A

increases near term

24
Q

What is effect of oxytocin on parturition?

A

increases contractions in labor

25
Q

what is effect of prostaglandins on parturition?

A
  • softens cervix

- causes contractions

26
Q

breastfeeding

A
  • suckling on nipple stimulates brain for more milk production
  • small volume of milk initially [colostrum] full of fat and antibodies
  • uterine contractions occur with infant’s suckling
27
Q

What stimulates lactation?

A
  • prenatally: placental estrogen stimulates prolactin, prolactin causes growth mammary glands and milk production
  • postpartum infant suckling causes oxytocin secretion from PP
  • oxytocin causes initial ejection of milk
  • prolactin causes continued secretion of milk
28
Q

What is mastitis? cause? treat? can you breastfeed?

A
  • inflammation
  • caused by staph or strep from nursing baby
  • treat with antibiotics
  • can continue breastfeeding
29
Q

What is a breast abscess? treat? can you breastfeed?

A
  • forms in 10% of women with mastitis
  • requires surgical drainage
  • need cessation breastfeeding on that side

Physiology Part 1 (37 decks)

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