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Physiology Part 1 > Lec 29 Sexual Differentiation Pt 2 > Flashcards

Lec 29 Sexual Differentiation Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are primordial germ cells? where do they come from?

A
  • precursor cells to gametes
  • migrate from origin in hindgut of embro to gonads
  • multiply and become spermatogonia/oogonia
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2
Q

When do ovum complete mitosis?

A

in fetus

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3
Q

when do ovum complete meiosis I

A

at ovulation

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4
Q

What hormone dominates first half of menstural cycle? second half?

A
  • estrogen dominates first half

- progesterone dominates second half

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5
Q

What is day 1 of menstrual cycle?

A

first day of menstruation

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6
Q

What is negative feedback of estradiol in ovaries?

A
  • inhibits hypo secretion of GnRH

- inhibits pituitary secretion of LH/FSH

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7
Q

What 3 things involved in follicular growth

A
  • multiplication of granulosa cells
  • development of antrum [follicular fluid]
  • growth of oocyte
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8
Q

what cells in follicle respond to FSH? LH?

A
  • granulosa cells respond to FSH

- theca cells respond to LH

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9
Q

what two cells involved in estrogen production from ovary? path?

A
  • theca cells respond to LH, make androgens
  • androgens transported to granulosa cells
  • granulosa cells respons to FSH, convert androgen –> estradiol
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10
Q

What cells make inhibin? what is function?

A
  • granulosa cells make inhibin

- inhibin decreases FSH

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11
Q

During menstruation how do you end up with just 1 follicle?

A
  • start out with 20-25 follicles in cycle
  • the follicle with the most FSH receptors will win out
  • others don’t have enough FSH and undergo atresia
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12
Q

When does the follicle cohort for a given menstrual cycle get chosen?

A

100 days [2-3 months] before the cycle

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13
Q

When is the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

0-14 days of menstrual cycle

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14
Q

Is follicular or luteal phase of menstrual cycle variable?

A

follicular

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15
Q

What are progesterone levels like in follicular phase?

A

low

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16
Q

What causes ovulation

A
  • super high estrogen above certain level for long enough causes negative feedback on LH to become positive feedback and you get
17
Q

What does LH surge do to follicle

A
  • allows completion 1st meiotic division and start of 2nd division
  • causes loosening of cumulus cells so egg can be released from follicle
  • causes secretion
18
Q

What is role of prostaglandins in ovulation?

A
  • secreted by follicle, break down wall of follicle to allow ovulation
19
Q

What causes transformation ruptured follicle to corpus luteum?

A
  • thecal cells and blood vessels invade

- granulosa cells hypertrophy and terminally differentiate = luteinization

20
Q

what 2 things does CL make?

A

progesterone

estradiol

21
Q

What happens to cervical mucus in ovulation?

A
  • increased quantity of cervical mucus

- becomes less viscous and more penetrable to sperm

22
Q

What happens to uterus in menstrual cycle [2 phases]?

A

proliferative phase: estrogen causes uterine lining to proliferate

secretory phase: glands in uterus become secretory, secrete substances to nurture pregnancy

23
Q

What is optimal time for implantation in uterus?

A
  • day 21
24
Q

How does body temp change in luteal phase?

A
  • increased basal body temp because progesterone effects hypothalamic thermoregulatory center
25
Q

How much blood normally loss in menstruation?

A

60 ccs

26
Q

5 ways to check for ovulation

A
  • basal body temp
  • plasma estradiol
  • plasma progesterone
  • volume of cervical mucus
  • uterine endometrium
27
Q

What is the simplest way to detect ovulation?

A

progesterone

28
Q

What is function of FSH?

A
  • stimulates follicle development
  • induces granulosa cells to produce estrogen from androgen [using aromatase]
  • induces formation LH receptors
  • selects pre-ovulatory follicle
29
Q

what is function of LH?

A
  • produces androgens in theca cells
  • stimulates last stages of follicle development
  • induces ovulation and final follicle maturation
  • stimulates formation corpus luteum
30
Q

at what day does oocyte enter uterus?

A

day 5-6

31
Q

What happens in implantation?

A
  • blastocyst hatches from zona pellucida

- invasion of trophoblasts

32
Q

What maintains corpus luteum in pregnancy?

A

hCG

Physiology Part 1 (37 decks)

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