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Physiology Part 1 > Lec 28 Sexual Differentiation > Flashcards

Lec 28 Sexual Differentiation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of sexual differentiation in order?

A
  • genetic sex [XY or XX]
  • gonadal sex [testes or ovaries]
  • phenotypic sex [secondary sex characteristics, external genitalia]
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2
Q

Which type of internal ducts to males vs females have?

A

males: wolffian
females: mullerian

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3
Q

what do wolffian ducts turn into

A
  • epididymis
  • vas deferens
  • seminal vesicles
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4
Q

what do mullerian ducts turn into

A
  • uterus

- fallopian tubes

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5
Q

Until what time in embryo are gonads bipotential?

A

5 weeks

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6
Q

What do testes develop?

A

wks 6-7

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7
Q

when do ovaries develop?

A

wk 9

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8
Q

What determines genetic sex differentiation?

A

presence or absence of Y chromosome

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9
Q

Is sry gene located in pairing region [where x and y can cross over]?

A

NO!

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10
Q

What is the pairing region of the y chromosome?

A

the part of the y chromosome that can cross over with the x chromosome

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11
Q

What is swyer’s syndrome?

A
  • XY individual that has no SRY gene
  • testis do not form, no testosterone, no anti-mullerian hormone
  • internal system forms fallopian and cervix
  • gonads aren’t really testis or ovaries
  • do not prove testosterone
  • present at puberty with delayed sexual maturation, appear to have normal female internal/external genitalia
  • sex assignment usually female
  • give estrogen/progesterone
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12
Q

What happens if sry crosses over to X?

A
  • get X + sry gene
  • with x egg becomes XX male
  • appear phenotypically male
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13
Q

sertoli function

A
  • located of spermatogonia

- secrete AMH - antimullerian hormone]

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14
Q

What do leydig cells produce

A

testosterone

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15
Q

What do granulosa cells in ovary produce?

A

estradiol

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16
Q

What do theca cells in ovary produce?

A

progesterone

17
Q

What 2 genes required for ovarian differentiaton?

A
  • wnt4

- rsp01

18
Q

what 3 genes required for testicular development?

A
  • SRY
  • SOX 9
  • Fgf9
19
Q

What is effect of testosterone on early male differentiation?

A
  • local testosterone stimulates wolffian duct growth and differentiation to epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts
20
Q

What is effect of AMH on male differentiation?

A

cause atrophy of mullerian ducts

21
Q

What do penis and scrotum differentiate? what hormone required?

A
  • 9-10 wks

- dihydrotestosterone [DHT] required

22
Q

What happens in absence of testosterone?

A

wolffian ducts regress

23
Q

Where does DHT come from? why is it importnat?

A
  • reduced from testosterone from 6a reductase

- needed for differentiation of external male genitalia

24
Q

When does fetus become fully differentiated as male?

A

12 wks

25
Q

What is androgen insensitivity syndrome?

A
  • phenotypic female [will have breast development, minimal pubic/axillary hair]
  • no menstruation [primary amenorrhea]
  • blind ending vagina
  • genetically XY
  • sry gene works fine, testis make AMH, no uterus/fallopian tube
  • androgen receptor defect so testosterone can’t make wolffian duct and no DHT so external female
26
Q

What is congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

A
  • masculinization of female external genitalia at birth
  • normal uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries
  • menstruates at puberty
  • genetically XX
  • has mullerian ducts
  • no wolffian ducts
  • adrenal making too much androgen, causes masculinization of external genitalia –> fused labia, enlarged clitoris
  • most common 21 hydroxylase deficiency
  • not making aldosterone

for XY: no

27
Q

What is mech behind too much androgen in congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A
  • deficiency in 21 hydroxylase so get build up of side products in rxn in adrenal
  • ACTH sending signal to make cortisol and usually cortisol gives negative feedback, without ability to properly make cortisol don’t have negative feedback
  • have low cortisol and aldosterone
  • high androgen
28
Q

What hormone determines puberty? continuous or pulsing?

A
  • increasing pulse frequency and amplitude of GnRH release turns on puberty

Physiology Part 1 (37 decks)

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