studies 3 Flashcards
meketa
applied to burglary led to 85% increase in solved cases
Canter and Heritage
small space analysis 66 sexual assualt cases. Certain behaviour exist in most cases helps establish if it was same persom
copson
advice given by profiler was useful in 83% of cases but led to accurate convinction in 3%
eysenck and eysenck
compared male prisoners scores on EPQ with controls prisoners recorded higher than controls
farrington
meta analysis reported offenders tend to score high on P but not E and N
Bartol and Holanchock
studies african and hispanic in new york prison all six groups were less extravert thsn controls .
kohlberg
moral dilemma and found offenders to be at pre conventional level
schonenberh and justye
violent offenders more likely to percieve ambigious facexpressions as ahgrrssive
palmer and hollin
compared moral reasoning offenders showed less mature reasoning
sutherland
if number of pro crime attitudes outweight anticrime they will offend
blackburn
- weak superego
- deviant superego
- over harsh superego
bowlby
44 thieves + maternal depriavtoon
goreta
looked at 10 offenders all had disturbances in superego formation and had a need for punishment over harsh superego
lewis
analysed 500 interviews maternal deprivation was a poor predictor of future offending
siegler and svetina
found when 5 year olds recieved feedback that pointed out subsets they did deveklop undertsadning of class inclusion
Soomro
Reviewed 17 studies comparing SSRIS to placebo found SSRIS to be more effective in all studies. SRRIS reduced symptoms in 70% of peope
Skapinkis
Systematic review of study outcomes found CBT to be more effective
Cromer
Over half of ps experienced traumatic event in past
libert
I+D ps had to say when they felt an unconsious will to move unconscious brain activity leading up to action was half a second before moving
rogers
I+D teenagers with belief of fatalism had greater risk of feveloping depression
scarr
I+D studies of underepresented groups and issues may promote greater sensitivity towards them
kitzinger and coyle
I+D research into alternate relationships are guilty of hetrosexual bias
sieber and stanley
I+D the way in which research questions are phased and investigated may influence how findings are interpreted
burt
I+D research on iq found it was gentic and fixed by age 11 led to 11+ test limiting educational opportunities. Later found evidence was invente
howe
9-12 year olds watching objects slide down slope. They came to own conslusions and picked up dofferent facts.
mcgarrigle and donaldson
72% under 7 could conservate when not put off by question
hughes
3 year old could position doll so it couldnt be seen by plice man 90% of time.
siegler and svetina
class inclusion 5 year olds could do it when recieed feedback
wood scaffolding
- demonsration
- preparation of child
- indication of materials
- verbal instructions
- general prompts
roazzi and bryant
asked one group to estimate number of sweets in box most failed to give close estimate
another group were gided by older children and most mastered the task
conner and cross
observed 45 children and found mothers used less direct intervention as children developed
canter US
analysis of 100 murders used small space analysis which identifies correlations revealed there was a subset of characteristics many organised offenders have
canter nd heritage
analysis of 66 sexual assault cases several behaviours were seen as common and can help establish if they were done by same person
lundrigan and canter
collated info from 120 serial killers location of each body created a centre of gravity offenders base was in middle
moffitt
personality traits alone were poor indicators of how long offending would go on for
bartol and holanchock
looked at african and hispanic offenders and found they were less extravert than control group
kohlberg
found that a group of violent youths had a significantly lower level of moral reasoning
dodge and frame
showed children a video those who were more violent interpreted it as more hostile
barbaree
26 rapists 54% denied it and 40% downplayed it
goreta
analysis of 10 offenders disturbances in supergo were found mostly supergo due to feeling of guilt
lewis
500 people and found materal deprivation was a poor predictor of future offending
Selman
Asking children to take perspective of different people( holly tree dad cat) different ages responded differently
Gasser and Keller
Bullies had no difficulties in perspective taking
Meltzoff
Children observed adults placing beads into a hat
Experimental adults dropped some beads out of jar
Control places all beads in hat
Children places all beads in jar showing they understood what the adult intended to do
Baron coven
Sally Anne
Bloom and German
False belief tasks require other cognitive abilities
Rizziolatti
Same neuroses became activated when in motor cortic when adult was eating and monkey was eating
Haker
Demonstrated using brain scans broddmans area rich in mirror Neuton is responsible for cantagioys yawning
Gottesman
Someone w an aunt with schiz 2% chance 9% sibling and 48% identical twin
Ripke
Combined all previous data from genome studies found 108 seprrate genes associated w schiz
thornley
compared studies comparing chlorapromazine to control found better overall functioning and reduced symptoms
meltzer
clozapine more effective in 30-50% cases where typical failed
