studies Flashcards
sterling
large capacity of sensory register but decays very quickly
glanzer and cunitz supports
STM duration. list of words 1st group straight away 2nd after 30 seconds and counted back in 3s words only AFter 30 seconds more likely to recall first words
shallice and warrington KF
could recall verbal but not visual
hm
couldn’t form new memories but had old memories
gieselmann method
ps viewed film of violent crime and after 48 hours interviewed usinng one of 3 methods; CI, standard or hynopotic interview.
gieselmann results
CI number of correct facts was 41, hypnosis was 38 and standard was 29
fisher
trained detectives to use cognitive interview produced 46% increase in recall and 90% accuracy
wright and holiday
older the person the less accurate and complete the recall
moscovici
green slide blue slide consistent is more influencial
wood
meta analsysi of 100 similar studies and found consistency most influential
martin
people less leikly to change opinion if heard minority group agree supports deeper processung
jahoda
deviation from ideal mental health
watson and rayner
little albert
jongh
73% of people with dentist phobia had traumatic experience
gilroy
42 spider phobia sd group less fearful 33 months after SD
schumacher
flodding more stressful than SD so ethical issue
lewis
37% parents had parents with OCD 21% sibling had OCD
taylor
230 different genes polygenic
nestadt
68% twin studies of identical twins shared OCD as opposed to 31% to non identical twins
jacobs
researcher calls out 4 digits and p recalls in correct order increased digits each time. Average digit was 7.3 letters 9.3
miller
noted a lot of things were in 7s 7+-2
peterson
consonant syllable and 3 digit number to coubt back from 3 seconds 80% 18 seconds 3%
bahrick
- photo recall 15 90% 48 70%
2. free recall 15 60% 48 30%
hm
brain surgery epilepsy couldn’t form LTM but had good STM
Kf
amnesia poor recall when read to him (auditory) but could recall when read himself (visual)
fisher and gielseman
cognitive interview
kohnken
meta analysis comparing CI to police interview and found 41% increase in accuracy
milne + Bull
found each of 4 techniques used alone were more useful than police interview. Report E + reinstate context more effective
milgram and elms
interviewed 20 of milgrams ps who went to 450 and 20 who didnt those who did scored higher on f scale
adorno
f scale authoritarian personality 2000 America men
meltzoff + Moore
interactions, controlled observation baby copied adults expressions
Schaffer + Emerson
stages of attachment
working class families in Glasgow
overt natural observation
Ainsworth
strange situation assessing attachment types
70% secure
25% insecure avoidant
3% insecure resistant
bowlby (1)
A adaptive S social releasers C critical period M mono tropic I Internal working model
bowlby 44 thieves (2)
affection less psychopathy 14/44 had AP 12/14 had prolonged separation
bowlby (3)
IWM works as a template for later relations
vanizjendoorm + Kroonenberg
cultural variation meta analysis of 32 studies 15 in USA. found more variation within cultures than between 150% . Highest secure in Britain lowest china. IA highest in west Germany. IR highest in Israel and Japan
Lorenz
geese imprinting critical period hours
innate attachment for survival
guiton
chickens imprint on yellow glove and try to mate with it
howe
practical applications for Harlow helped social workers understand risk of neglect
rutter
romanian orphanages compared 154 RO to 54 adopted children. If adopted after 6 months showed deficits in development. Disinhibited attachment.
zeenah
used strange situation on institutionalised children 65% disinhibited and 19% secure in RO group compared to 74% secure in control group
dollard and miller
learning theory food primary drive attachment secondary drive
brazelton
babies triggered interactions using social releasers then mothers ignored babies causing them to be distressed
bailey
99 mothers assessed mothers with poor attachment to their own mothers likely to have poor attachment to baby
ward
better mental health if have secure attachment
bick
strange situation had 94% inter rater relianbility
takahashi
anxiety response not due to attachment but rare to be seperated in japan
Simonelli
italy strange situation 50% type b 36% type a
blass and smitt
support agentic state when ps shown video of milgram they said experimenor held responsibility
altemeyer
new scale to measure authortarian personality fixed issues of adorno but still showed same results
spector
correlation between external LOC and those influenced by Normative Social Influence
asch unanimity
32% to 5.5%
wilson and smith
secure children were unlikely to be involved in bullying, insecure avoidant most likely to be bullied and insecure resustant the bullies
hartup
secure more popular in nursury
insecure resitant rely on teachers for interaction and support
menzies and clarke
2% of people with fear of water had traumatic experience
wolpe
flooding drove a women with fear of cars for 4 hours anxiety redcued
bickman
guard 80% milk man 14%
hofling
nurses 21/22
sherdan and king
54% of males gave fatal shock
100% of women
rotter
locus of control
holland
37% of internals continued 23% of externals
twenge
more resistant and more external over time
gameson
smear campaign against oil company 29/33 rebelled due to social support
christie and jahoda
political bias
moscovici
consistent 8% not consistent 1.25%
nemeth
flexibility important not consistency
clive wearing
procedural and semantic but not episodic
harlow
contact comfort vs feeding mother
cromer
over 50% of patients with OCD had suffered a traumatic event
hu
found lower levels of serotonin in OCD patients than controls
saxena
reviewed brain scans and found links between higher activity levels in patients with OCD
soomro
compared SRRIS to placebo and SSRIS are 70% ore effective
dinardo
50% of non phobic individuals had traumatic experience with dogs
Albrecht
programme to help pregnant teens resist pressure to smoke those with social support less likely to smoke
simonella
used strange situation in Italy foundd 50% secure insecure avoidant 36% maybe due to daycare
McGrath
75% ps success treating phobias with SD
