APPROACHES Flashcards
behaviourist approach
- studies behaviour that can be observed.
- Rejected wundt and introspection.
- Used labs studies and beleive all behaviour is learnt. - - Classical and operant conditioning
classical conditioning
pavlov looked at association and how dogs could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell if it was repeatedly shown with food. Bell neutral stimulus became the conditioned stimulus and produced conditioned response of salivating through associating the bell with food the unconditioned stimulus.
operant conditioning
- skinner’.
- behaviour is shaped by concequences.
- Positive reinforcemnt, negative and punishment
positive reinforcement
recieving award when a certain behaviour is performed
negative reinforcement
avoids something unpleasant so the outcome is positive.
punishment
unpleasant consequence of behaviour
social learning theory
behaviour that includes direct and indirect reinforcment combing learning theory with cognitive factors
vicarious reinforcement
learning takes place through observing behaviour of others and if it is reinforced.
mediational processes
- attention 2. retention 3. motor reproduction 4. motivation
more likely to copy others if…
they identify with them (role model).
bandura reasearch
recorded the behaviour of young children who watched an adult behave in an aggressive way towards a bobo doll. These children then played aggressively towards the doll then those who saw the non aggressive adults.
freud little hans supports …
his theory opedius complex and psychosexual stages
little hans procedure…
- Longitudinal study 3 years until 5
- qualitative data collected by fathers observations and conversations with son
- developed fear of horses
- had lots of dreams and fantasies which led to fears
little hans results
- oepedius complex led to subconscious fear of father . - This manifested into fear of horses.
- The final family fantasy was interpreted as the resolution of the Oedipus Complex.
little hans conclusions
Freud concluded that the study of Little Hans provided support for his theory of psychosexual development and childhood sexuality, including the idea that boys in the phallic stage experience the Oedipus complex. He concluded phobias are caused by unconscious anxiety being displaced onto harmless external objects.
little hans AO3
- deterministic
- in depth qualitative data
- lack objectivity
- infomred consent
- case study
bandura study on vicarious reinforcment
3 groups one saw adult be praised for behaviour one saw them punished and one say no reinforcement. First group showed more aggression.
psychodynamic approach defintion
desribes the different forced mostly unconscious that operate on mind and direct human behaviour
role of unconscious
freud suggested our mind is mostly made up of the unconscious which influences our behaviour and personality. The unconscious contains threatening and dangerous memeories that are repressed but accessed through dreams.
Parts of mind psychodynamic
conscious, pre conscious and unconscious