BIOPSYCHLOGY Flashcards
localisation theory
different areas of the brain are responsible for specific behaviours.
motor area
in frontal lobe involved in regulating movement.
somatosensory area
parietal lobe that processes sensory info.
visual area
occipital lobe send info from left visual field to right visual cortex visa versa.
auditory area
temporal lobe. analysis of speech info.
broca area
frontal lobe in left. Responsible for speech production.
wernicke area
left temporal lobe. Responsible for language comprehension.
2 functions of nervous system
- process and respond to information to in the environment
2. coordinate the working of different organs and cells
CNS
made up of brain and spinal cord.
spinal cord
responsible for reflex actions
PNS role
transmits messages via neurons to and from nervous system
autonomic nervous system
governs vital functions in the body such as breathing
somatic nervous system
governs muscle movement and recieves information from sensory receptors.
endocrine system
works alongside the NS to control vital functions through hormones. hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and affect any cell in the body that has a receptor
thyroxine is produced by what galnd ?
thyroid
pituaitary gland
master gland controls the release of hormones from other glands in the body.
fight of flight
stressor recieved and activates the pituitary. Sympathetic system now aroused. Adrenaline is released from medulla into blood stream and causes changes in organs. Increase HR + dilation of pupils + reduced saliva production. Then parasympathetic brings it down. Resting state
sensory neuron
long dendrites short axons. Transmit messages from CNS to PNS.
relay neuron
short dendrites short axons. Connect sensory neurons to motor neurons.
motor neuron
short dendrites long axons. Connect CNS to effectors such as muscles.
lateralisation
The idea that the two halves of the brain are functionally different and certain behaviours are controlled by one side of brain.
Left hemisphere lateralisation
language Broca- frontal wernicke- temporal
brain is crosswired
right hemisphere controls movement on left side of body and left hemisphere controls movement on right side. And vision left visual field send info to right visual cortex and vice versa.
hemisphere connected to left visual field of both eyes
left visual field of both eyes connected to right hemisphere
hemisphere connected to right visual field of both eyes
right visual field of both eyes connected to left
split brain definition
two hemispheres surgically separated by cutting the connections. Used to treat severe epilepsy.
SPERRY split brain procedure
studied split brain ps. Image/word projected to RVF processed by LH and sam/diff image/word to LVF processed by right
SPERRY FINDINGS
Objects shown to RVF can be described but when shown to LVF cant name object but can select matching object behind screen.
plasticity
Brains tendency to adapt/change as a result to new learning.
pruning
as we age barely used connections are deleted and used are strengthened.
plastcity support study
maguire found significantly more volume of grey matter in hippocampus of cab drivers than control group. Linked with spatial and navigation skills.
plasticity draganski
imaged brains of medical students three months before and after final exams.Changes seen in hippocampus and parietal cortex.
functional recoveryy definition
following damage brain redistributes or transfers function usually performed by damaged areas to other ones.
axonal sprouting
growth of new nerve ending which connect with other undamaged cells to form new neuroscience
denervation supersentivity
axons that do a similar job become aroused to a higher level to conpensate for the oned lost
recruitment of homologous areas
the opposite side of the brain takes over specific tasks
FMRI
detects changes in both blood oxygenation and flow that occur due to neural activity in specific brain area. As when a brain area is active more blood goes there.
EEG
measures electrical activity via electrodes using a skull cap. The scan represents brainwave patterns generated from neurons.
ERP
what is left when brain activity from an eeg recording filters out. Using statistical technique leaving only responses related to presentation of specific stimulus.
Post mortem examinations
examined to establish cause of disorder may involve comparison.
role of somatic nervous system
transmits sensory information from body receptors to brain and brain to effectors to produce movement.
inhibitory synaptic transmission
stimulation of postsynaptic receptors by inhibitory neurotransmitter result in inhibition of post synaptic membrane. If inhibitory inputs are higher than excitatory they inhibit action potential.
FMRI
measure changes in blood oxygenation as a measure of neural activity
- poor temporal resolution
- good spatial resolution
- non invasive
ERP
- measure electrical activity via electrodes to detect brainwaves triggered by certain events
- good temporal but poor spatial resolution
split brain had … severed
corpus callosum
role of endocrine system
releases hormone from gland into bloodstream that bind to receptors in order to regulate activity of cells
