SOCIAL INFLUENCE Flashcards
Milgram baseline procedure
Confederate exprimentor and learner and participant was teacher. :Learner had to remember word list and if they were wrong they had an electric shock.
milgram situational variables
- location
- proximity
- uniform
location variable milgram
run down building. Obedience dropped to 47.5%.
uniform variable milgram
experimentor wore everyday clothing obedience dropped to 20%
proximity variable milgram
- Teacher and learner in same room dropped to 40%.
- teavher forces learners hand 30%
- when experimentor left and gave instructions over phone dropped to 20%
Name the study supporting uniform situational variable MILGRAM
BICKMAN 3 confederates dressed in 3 outfits ; suit and tie, securtity guard and milkman
Name the study… low internal validity damand characteristics milgram
ORNE+HOLLAND due to extra minipulation of variables ps may have worked out it was fake and showed demand characteristics
situational variables obedience
- legitimacy of authority
- agentic state
agentic shift
shift from autonomous state to agentic state
milgram what % continued to 450 volts
65%
where was the original milgram experiment?
Yale university
legitimacy of authority
more likely to obey people who we percieve to have authority over us. This authority is justified by indiviudals position of power within a social hierachy.
consequences of legitimacy of authority
is that some people are granted the power to punish others eg. police and dictators. We learn to accept authority from childhood from parents initially and then teachers and adults.
hofling et al
nurses obeyed doctors due to their legitimacy of authority and authorised drugs at a higher dose 95% obeyed
hofling advantages
- field study
- unaware they are in study
authortarian personality definition
adorno argued was especially suspectible to obeying authority members. Submissive to those of higher status
authortarian personality characteristics
- extreme respect for authority figures
- want powerful leaders to enforce tradiitonal values
- show contempt for those inferior to them
- inflexible outlook on life
origin of authortarian personality
- forms in childhood
- harsh parenting strict
- give conditional love
- creates resentment and hostility in child which is displaced on weaker people
adorno study sample
studies 2000 middle class white americans
adorno study procedure
f scale to measure authortarian personality
adorno study results
those who scored high identified with strong people and contemptuous of the weak. They were conscious of status and showed extreme respect. Found a strong correlation between authortarianism and prejudice.
milgram and elms study
interviewed original milgram people who were fully obedient and they did f scale. The people who were fully obedient scored higher than those who weren’t fully obedient.
christie and jahoda authortarian personality
f scale is politically biased and only looks at facism not left wing extreme obedience.So doesnt look at all accounts of obedience.
social support conformity
as seen in Asch research when the confederate was not conforming. Which enables the p to be free to follow their own conscious.
social support obedience
in milgrams variations obedience dropped from 65% to 10% when the genuine p was joined by dissenting confederate. Makes it easier to be disobedient as it challenges the legitimacy of authority.
locus of control
rotter suggests the sense we have about what directs events in our lives. Internals believe they are responsibe and externals believe outside factors are responsible.
internal LOC
things that happen are controlled by them
external LOC
things that hapopen are out of your control
resistance to social influence LOC
those with a high internal LOC are more likely to not conform as they beleive they have responsibility for their actiins. Internals are also more intelligent and more achievement orientated.
Holland LOC study
replicated milgram study and found 37% of internals didnt obey to highest and 23% externals didnt.
Twenge et al LOC
analysed data from American LOC studies conducted over a 40 year period. Showed people have become more resistant to obedience but more external. Not a valid explanation.
minority influence definition
minority of people persuade others to adopt their beliefs, attitudes and behaviours. Leads to internalisation.
3 factors of minority influence
consistency, commitment and flexibility
Moscovici
blue slide green slide study showed consistency
consistency MI
increases interest of people . 2 forms of consistency: synchronic and diachronic
synchronic consistency
people all saying the same thing
diachronic consistency
saying the same thing over time
commitment MI
extreme actvities to draw attention eg. Suffragettes emily davidson shows commitment AUGMENTATION PRINCIPLE
flexible MI
nemeth who argued consisytency isnt the only imp factor as it can be off putting as they seem rigid. Instead you need to be prepared to adapt your point of view and accept reason. Eg. suffragettes stopping for ww2
snowball effect
when people think deeply about minirity opinion and slowly change and more and more people take that opinion so minority changes to majority.
social change occurs through 6 steps:
- drawing attention 2. consistency 3. deeper proccesing 4. augmentation principle 5. snowball effect 6. social cryptomnesia
