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PSYCH A LEVEL > PSYCHOPATHOLOGY > Flashcards

PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Flashcards

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1
Q

statistical infrequency

A

according to statistical definition any relatively unusual behaviour that can be thought of un normal. eg. IQ.

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2
Q

deviation from social norms

A

behaviours that are different from the accepted norms of society. eg. APD

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3
Q

failure to function adequately

A

unable to cope with ordinary demands of day to day living

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4
Q

deviation from ideal mental health

A

Jahoda

  • no distress
  • perceive ourselves accurately
  • self actualise
  • realistic view of world
  • indenpendent
  • successfully work and love
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5
Q

3 types of phobia

A

specific, social and agoraphobia

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6
Q

behavioural characteristics of phobia

A

avoidance, panic and endurance

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7
Q

emotional characteristics of phobias

A

anxiety and fear

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8
Q

cognitive characteristics of phobias

A

selective attention, irrational beliefs and cognitive distortions.

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9
Q

phobias definition

A

a irrational fear of an object or situation

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10
Q

OCD definition

A

obsessions and compulsions .

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11
Q

behavioural characteristics of OCD

A

repetitive compulsions that reduce anxiety, avoidance

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12
Q

emotional characteristics of OCD

A

anxiety, guilt and depression

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13
Q

cognitive characteristics of OCD

A

obsessions, cognitive coping strategies

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14
Q

behavioural explaining phobias

A

two process model; acquisition by classical conditioning and maintenance by operant conditioning.

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15
Q

AO3 for behavioural explanation for phobias

A

real world app for treatments
doesn’t talk cognitive aspects for phobias
link between bad experiences and phobias supported by study dentist phobias

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16
Q

Behavioural approach to treating phobias

A

systematic desensitisation and flooding

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17
Q

systematic desensitisation

A

gradually reduced anxiety through classical conditioning. counterconditioning. 1. anxiety hierarchy 2. relaxation 3. exposure

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18
Q

flooding

A

immediate exposure to a very frightening situation

19
Q

AO3 systematic desensitisation

A

evidence of effectiveness GILROY SD group were less fearlful than control group

people with learning difficualties people don’t like other methods so this is more appropriate.

20
Q

AO3 flooding

A

cost effective

traumatic

21
Q

biological approach to explaining OCD

A

genetic + neural (serotonin)

22
Q

genetic OCD

A

LEWIS 37% had parents with OCD and 21% had siblings .

Polygenic not just one gene 230 different genes. One group of genes may cause one type of OCD.

23
Q

Neural OCD

A

low levels of seretonin which is mood regulating transmitter so low moods. Less is released. Frontal lobe responsible for decision making abnormal functioning.

24
Q

A03 genetic explanation OCD

A

support NESTADT reviewed twins and found68% Concordance rate of MZ and 31% of DZ.
Ignores the environmental affect.

25
Q

Biological approach to treating OCD

A

SSRIS. Seretonin is released by presynaptic neurone. SRRIS prevent the reuptake of serotonin so increase levels in the synapse. Combo with cbt most effective. Tricylics and SNRIS.

26
Q

AO3 biological approach to treating OCD

A

effectiveness - SOOMRO SSRIS more effective than placebo 70% of people symptoms reduce.
Cost effective
side effects:indigestion, loss of sex drive and blurred vision.

27
Q

statistical infrequency AO3

A
  • real world application clinical practice

- unusual may be positive

28
Q

deviation from social norms AO3

A
  • real world app clinical practice

- cultural and situational diff

29
Q

failure to function AO3

A
  • Threshold for help

- descrimination and social control

30
Q

deviation from ideal mental health AO3

A
  • comprehensive
  • culture bound
  • high standards
31
Q

who proposed the two process model

A

mowrer

32
Q

acquisition by classical conditioning evidence

A

Watson+Rayner Little Albert

33
Q

little Albert

A

created a phobia of rats through having a loud noise when in contact with rat so associated noise with rat

34
Q

maintenance through operant conditioning

A

when u avoid a situation as its unpleasant results In desirable consequence so repeated

35
Q

AO3 of two process model

A
  • real world application
  • cognitive aspects of phobias
  • phobias and traumatic experiences
36
Q

real world application of TPM

A

exposure therapies. Flooding so identifies means of treating phobias.

37
Q

cognitive aspects of phobias TPM

A

TPM doesn’t account for cognitive aspects eg. irrational beliefs

38
Q

Ad De Jongh TPM

A

found 73% of people with a fear of dental treatment had experienced a traumatic experience whereas the control group with low dental anxiety 21% had experienced a traumatic event

39
Q

systematic desensitisation steps

A
  1. anxiety hierarchy
  2. relaxation
  3. exposure
40
Q

flooding

A

immediate exposure to frightening situation

41
Q

how flooding works

A

client quickly learns the phobic stimulus is harmless. The conditioned stimulus is encountered without the unconditioned stimulus so it no longer produces the conditioned response

42
Q

systematic desentistion AO3

A
  • effectiveness

- used with learning disabilities struggle with CBT

43
Q

Gilroy study SD

A

42 people with spider phobia in 3 sessions the SD group were less fearful than control group

44
Q

Flooding AO3

A
  • cost effective

- traumatic

PSYCH A LEVEL (18 decks)

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