Structures of Animal Cells Flashcards
Organelles
The specialized structures found within the cell
Nucleus
Control center of the cell
Cytoplasm
Portion of cell outside of nucleus
What organelles contains almost all of the cell’s DNA
The nucleus
What is the nucleus surrounded by
A nuclear membrane dotted with pores
What is the nucleoplasm
The semi-liquid portion inside the nucleus
Function of the nucleolus
To manufacture the subunits that make up ribosomes
Point of the subunits (large subunit & small subunit) of the nucleolus
The subunits pass through the pores of the nucleus to the cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes
Functions of the nucleus
The carrier of genetic information
Controls reproduction of the cell
Directs protein synthesis
How does the nucleus direct protein synthesis
By sending messages to the ribosomes
Where can the ribosomes be found
Free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER
Where is the site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
All protein cells are made of what
Ribosomes
What is the endoplasmic reticulum
The internal membrane system
What does the ER connect
The nuclear membrane to the cell membrane
Smooth ER information
Has no ribosomes
Function is to make lipids used in cell membrane
Rough ER information
Has ribosomes attached
Makes proteins
Function of ribosomes on ER
Newly made proteins leave the ribosome and are inserted into spaces of ER
Proteins made in the rough ER go where
Golgi apparatus
Function of Golgi apparatus
To modify, sort, & and package proteins
What are the physical aspects of Lysosomes
Sacks in the cell filled with very strong digestive enzymes
What can Lysosomes digest
Carbs, proteins, and lipids into small molecules
Lysosomes destroy what
Old organelles
Why are the lysosomes surrounded by thick membrane
Because the cell would be destroyed if enzymes were released
What is the point of the vacuoles
The storage area inside the cell - to store water, salts, proteins, and carbs
What is the powerhouse of the cell
The mitochondria
What is the purpose of the mitochondria
Cellular respiration
What is cellular respiration
Process of converting glucose molecules into a usable form of energy for the cell
The mitochondria has an inner membrane & outer membrane - what are the folds called
Cristae and help increase the surface area for respiration
What is the cytoskeleton
An internal framework and support system with a network of protein tubes and fibers
About the microfilaments in the cytoskeleton
Solid, thread like, protein structures that help cells to move
About the microtubules int he cytoskeleton
Tubes that help cell shape, separation of chromosomes during cell division, and with the formation of the cilia and flagella
Another name for the cell membrane
The plasma membrane
Functions of the cell mmbrane
To maintain the shape of the cell, separate one cell from the next, and regulate what goes in and out of the cell
