Chapter 1 - Science Of Life

Question 1

How long ago did life arise on earth?

Answer 1

Approximately 3.5 billion years

Question 2

Describe the first organisms:

Answer 2

Single celled, the only life on earth for millions of years

Question 3

Organisms change or ______ over long periods of time

Answer 3

Evolve

Question 4

Today, millions of ______ of organisms exist on earth

Answer 4

Species

Question 5

The ______ is the basis unit of life and makes up all ______

Answer 5

Cell, organisms

Question 6

______ organisms are made of a single cell and are genetically ______ to their parent cell

Answer 6

Unicellular, identical

Question 7

Many-celled organisms are called ______ and they may be made of ______ types of cells

Answer 7

Multicellular, different

All cells are not alike, have different characteristics

Question 8

What is the size of a cell?

Answer 8

Very small, in general all are small, large organisms just have more organisms

Question 9

Are cells organized?

Answer 9

highly organized even though they’re chaotic

Question 10

Specialized structures in cells are called ______

Answer 10

Organelles

Question 11

What surrounds cells?

Answer 11

Plasma membrane

Question 12

All cells must contain a set of ______ or DNA

Answer 12

Instructions

Tells the cell how to do its role + reproduce, genetic coding

Question 13

Organisms maintain stable internal conditions called ______

Answer 13

Homeostasis

Very stable internal conditions

Question 14

Example of homeostasis:

Answer 14

Temperature, water content, blood sugar, etc.

Question 15

For a species to continue, some of its members must be able to ______ and pass on their traits to their ______

Answer 15

Reproduce, offspring (inheritance)

Question 16

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 16

Deoxyribonucleic Acid, genetic information in all cells

Question 17

DNA’s instructions are called ______ and code for the complex ______ necessary for life

Answer 17

Genes, proteins

Question 18

______ cells or body cells each have a full set of DNA or hereditary information from ______ parents

Answer 18

Somatic, both

Not every cell uses the coding they have

Question 19

______ reproductions combine hereditary information from ______ parents

Answer 19

Sexual, both

Two different organisms combined

Question 20

When a sperm and egg join, a fertilized egg or ______ forms and contains DNA from ______ parents

Answer 20

Zygote, both

Question 21

In ______ reproduction, only a single parent cell reproduces and the new cells are genetically ______ to each other and the original cell.

Answer 21

Asexual, identical

Question 22

______, not individual organisms, change or evolve over many generations

Answer 22

Species

Question 23

______ ______ is the driving force for evolution

Answer 23

Natural Selection

Pushes better organisms to reproduce

Question 24

According to natural selection, which individuals in a population are more likely to survive and be able to reproduce?

Answer 24

Organisms with favorable traits, “survival of the fittest”

Question 25

A change in population due to the survival & reproduction of organisms with favorable traits is known as what?

Answer 25

Survival of the fittest

Question 26

Define ecology:

Answer 26

Interaction of organisms with one another and with their environment

Question 27

Three things that organisms need from their environment:

Answer 27

Nutrients, water, and gases