DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis - Part 1 Flashcards
Genes three critical characteristics:
- must carry information from one generation to the next
- must be able to put the information that they carry to work to produce the traits of the organism
- must be a mechanism to easily copy the gene
Chemical analysis shows that a chromosome is composed of:
Nucleic acid and protein
Who discovered the structure of DNA:
James Watson & Francis Crick
DNA stands for:
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA molecules consist of “building blocks” called:
Nucleotides
Nucleotides consist of:
A phosphate group
A 5-carbon sugar
A nitrogen base
The 5-carbon sugar found in nucleotides is called:
Deoxyribose
The four nitrogen bases found in DNA are:
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
What nitrogen base is only found in RNA:
Uracil
Purines:
Double ring structures
Pyrimidines:
Single ring structures
What nitrogen bases are purines:
Adenine and guanine
What nitrogen bases are pyrimidines:
Cytosine and thymine
The backbone of a DNA chain is formed by altering…
Sugar and phosphate groups
What sticks out sideways from the DNA chain:
Nitrogen bases
Chargaff’s rule (guanine and cytosine):
The amount of guanine and cytosine bases are equal in any sample of DNA
Chargaff’s rule (adenine and thymine):
The amount of adenine and thymine are equal in any sample of DNA
Process that Rosalind Franklin used:
X-ray diffraction
The x-ray diffractions showed that the strands of DNA were:
Twisted around eachother in a shape known as a helix
The x-ray diffractions suggested that there were how many strands in the DNA structure:
Two
The x-ray diffractions showed that the nitrogen bases were:
At the center of the molecule
The DNA molecule structure is described as:
A double helix, or a spiral of two strands wound around eachother
A double helix looks like:
A twisted latter
The sides of the double helix “latter” are formed by:
Sugar and phosphate
The rungs of the double helix “latter” are formed by:
Two nitrogen bases that pair together across the center of the helix
The strands from the DNA molecule are joined by:
Weak hydrogen bonds
The hydrogen bonds joining strands form only between what base pairs:
Adenine is always paired with thymine
Guanine is always paired with cytosine
A only = T and G only = C are called:
Complimentary base pairs
The two sides of the ladder are made up of alternating molecules of…
Sugar and phosphate
The runs of the ladder of the DNA molecule are formed by the…
Nitrogen bases
How many bases form each rung of a DNA molecule?
Two
The paired bases meet across the helix and are joined together by what bonds?
Hydrogen
Adenine always pairs with…
Thymine
How many bonds form between adenine and thymine?
Two
Guanine always pairs with…
Cytosine
How many bonds form between guanine and cytosine?
Three
