DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis - Part 1

Question 1

Genes three critical characteristics:

Answer 1

1. must carry information from one generation to the next
2. must be able to put the information that they carry to work to produce the traits of the organism
3. must be a mechanism to easily copy the gene

Question 2

Chemical analysis shows that a chromosome is composed of:

Answer 2

Nucleic acid and protein

Question 3

Who discovered the structure of DNA:

Answer 3

James Watson & Francis Crick

Question 4

DNA stands for:

Answer 4

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 5

DNA molecules consist of “building blocks” called:

Answer 5

Nucleotides

Question 6

Nucleotides consist of:

Answer 6

A phosphate group
A 5-carbon sugar
A nitrogen base

Question 7

The 5-carbon sugar found in nucleotides is called:

Answer 7

Deoxyribose

Question 8

The four nitrogen bases found in DNA are:

Answer 8

Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)

Question 9

What nitrogen base is only found in RNA:

Answer 9

Uracil

Question 10

Purines:

Answer 10

Double ring structures

Question 11

Pyrimidines:

Answer 11

Single ring structures

Question 12

What nitrogen bases are purines:

Answer 12

Adenine and guanine

Question 13

What nitrogen bases are pyrimidines:

Answer 13

Cytosine and thymine

Question 14

The backbone of a DNA chain is formed by altering…

Answer 14

Sugar and phosphate groups

Question 15

What sticks out sideways from the DNA chain:

Answer 15

Nitrogen bases

Question 16

Chargaff’s rule (guanine and cytosine):

Answer 16

The amount of guanine and cytosine bases are equal in any sample of DNA

Question 17

Chargaff’s rule (adenine and thymine):

Answer 17

The amount of adenine and thymine are equal in any sample of DNA

Question 18

Process that Rosalind Franklin used:

Answer 18

X-ray diffraction

Question 19

The x-ray diffractions showed that the strands of DNA were:

Answer 19

Twisted around eachother in a shape known as a helix

Question 20

The x-ray diffractions suggested that there were how many strands in the DNA structure:

Answer 20

Two

Question 21

The x-ray diffractions showed that the nitrogen bases were:

Answer 21

At the center of the molecule

Question 22

The DNA molecule structure is described as:

Answer 22

A double helix, or a spiral of two strands wound around eachother

Question 23

A double helix looks like:

Answer 23

A twisted latter

Question 24

The sides of the double helix “latter” are formed by:

Answer 24

Sugar and phosphate

Question 25

The rungs of the double helix “latter” are formed by:

Answer 25

Two nitrogen bases that pair together across the center of the helix

Question 26

The strands from the DNA molecule are joined by:

Answer 26

Weak hydrogen bonds

Question 27

The hydrogen bonds joining strands form only between what base pairs:

Answer 27

Adenine is always paired with thymine

Guanine is always paired with cytosine

Question 28

A only = T and G only = C are called:

Answer 28

Complimentary base pairs

Question 29

The two sides of the ladder are made up of alternating molecules of…

Answer 29

Sugar and phosphate

Question 30

The runs of the ladder of the DNA molecule are formed by the…

Answer 30

Nitrogen bases

Question 31

How many bases form each rung of a DNA molecule?

Answer 31

Two

Question 32

The paired bases meet across the helix and are joined together by what bonds?

Answer 32

Hydrogen

Question 33

Adenine always pairs with…

Answer 33

Thymine

Question 34

How many bonds form between adenine and thymine?

Answer 34

Two

Question 35

Guanine always pairs with…

Answer 35

Cytosine

Question 36

How many bonds form between guanine and cytosine?

Answer 36

Three