DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis - Part 5 Flashcards
A gene on the DNA molecule that is copied is called
RNA
The copy of the instructions is sent to the…
Ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What does RNA basically do:
RNA carries the messages from the DNA (in the nucleus) to the ribosomes (in the cytoplasm)
What does RNA tell the ribosomes:
Which proteins to make and how to make them
Messenger RNA (mRNA) does what:
Travels from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (ribosomes) with the instructions for making proteins
Basically the messenger between DNA and the ribosomes
Proteins are made in the… in the cytoplasm
Ribosomes
The instructions in RNA are carried in the form of…
Codons
The first codon in RNA is…
The start codon
RNA is made up of…
The start codon, the stop codon, and a sequence of nucleotides (which dictates the sequence of amino acids)
Transfer RNA (tRNA):
Reads the message carried by mRNA and gathers the right amino acids for making that protein
Transfer RNA transfers amino acids from the cytoplasm pool of amino acids to a…
Ribosome
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is found in the…
Ribosome
Ribosomal RNA is used to bind the mRNA and the…
tRNA to the ribosome
Basically what does ribosomal RNA do:
Keeps mRNA in focus and gives tRNA a chance to read it and process it
Transcription of RNA:
The process of forming a strand of RNA from a strand of DNA
The process of RNA transcription occurs in the…
Nucleus
RNA polymerase:
An enzyme that catalyzes the reaction in the transcription of RNA
The purpose of transcription of RNA is simply to…
Copy one gene from the DNA molecule
Promote in RNA transcription:
A DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches and initiates transcription
Terminator in transcription of RNA:
The DNA sequence that signals the end of transcription
First step of transcription of RNA:
RNA polymerase binds to a site on the DNA molecule called the promoter
RNA polymerase role in transcription of RNA:
Separates the DNA strands
Step two of transcription of RNA:
New nucleotides are added according to base pairing rule
Base pairing in transcription of RNA:
Adenine with uracil
Cytosine with guanine
Transcription of RNA does its thing until the end when the… is reached
Transcription
The purpose of transcription is…
To copy small portions of the DNA molecule to be sent to the ribosome as the instructions for protein synthesis
