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Biology 2015-2016 > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Organic compounds

A

Compounds that have carbon bonded together to other atoms and determine structure/function of living things

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2
Q

Inorganic compounds

A

Compounds that do not contain carbon and hydrogen together

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3
Q

Six organic compounds that are found in all living things

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur

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4
Q

Monomer

A

Building blocks (units)

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5
Q

Polymer

A

A larger molecule made of monomers

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6
Q

Four categories of organic compounds

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, nucleic acids

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7
Q

Another name for organic compounds

A

Macromolecules

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8
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Monomers of simple ring sugars - glucose and fructose

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9
Q

Disaccharides

A

Two monosaccharides combined - sucrose and lactose

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10
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Polymers of monosaccharides, starch (plant energy storage) and glycogen (animal energy storage)

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11
Q

Carbohydrates - cellulose

A

Glucose bonded to form fibers
Composes cell walls in plants
Not easily digested

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12
Q

Carbohydrates - chitin

A

Polymer of glucose

Makes up exoskeletons of insects and arthropods

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13
Q

What are cellulose and chitin

A

Carbohydrates or polysaccharides as structural molecules

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14
Q

Carbon - hydrogen - oxygen ratio

A

1:2:1

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15
Q

Are lipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic

A

Hydrophobic

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16
Q

How are phospholipids a lipid

A

Make sure that the cell cannot disintegrate in water

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17
Q

Uses of lipids

A

Used for insulation
Used as a wax
Used as a phospholipid
Used as a steroid

18
Q

How is fat a lipid

A

Use it to store excess energy

19
Q

How is wax a lipid

A

Plants have the cuticle to keep water in because hydrophobic

20
Q

What are lipids made of

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

21
Q

Saturated fats in lipids

A

Contain no double bonds

Are solid at room temperature

22
Q

Unsaturated fats in lipids

A

Contain double bonds

Are liquid at room temperature

23
Q

Is butter saturated or unsaturated

A

Saturated

24
Q

Is olive oil saturated or unsaturated

A

Unsaturated

25
Q

Polymers are made of what

A

Amino acids

26
Q

The amino acids in polymers are joined by what

A

Peptide bonds

27
Q

What are the monomers of proteins

A

Amino acids

28
Q

What are nucleic acids and what are they made of

A

Are polymers that are made of nucleotides

Contain genetic information

29
Q

What is found within DNA, RNA, and ATP

A

Nucleic acids

30
Q

Each nucleotide consists of what

A

A sugar
A phosphate
A nitrogen base

31
Q

Two important parts of chemical reactions

A

Reactants - the chemical that participates in a chemical reaction
Products - the substances that are formed as a result of a chemical reaction

32
Q

What are enzymes

A

Proteins that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction

33
Q

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions

A

By decreasing the amount of activation energy required for a reaction

34
Q

What is activation energy

A

Energy that chemicals need to begin a reaction

35
Q

What is the substrate of an enzyme

A

A molecule that attaches to the enzyme’s active site

36
Q

What is the Enzyme-Substrate connection like

A

A lock and key

They are specific to each other - and only each other

37
Q

Once the substrate and enzyme bond it becomes

A

The enzyme-substrate complex

38
Q

What happens once the enzyme-substrate complex is made

A

The enzyme changes its shape slightly to create a more secure bond and then the chemical reaction occurs

39
Q

After the chemical reaction following the production of the enzyme-substrate complex what happens

A

The product (former substrate) is released from the enzyme

40
Q

What happens to the enzyme after the breaking of the enzyme-substrate complex

A

It can carry out the same chemical reaction again and again and again

41
Q

Factors that affect enzymes

A

Ph and temperature

42
Q

Example of enzyme not being able to function

A

Some people die of fevers not because of high temperatures but because their enzymes cannot function when the temperature gets too high

Biology 2015-2016 (26 decks)

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