Chapter 2 - Genetics Flashcards
What was Mendel known as?
The father of genetics
What was Mendel one of the first to do?
To study patterns of inheritence
Heredity definition:
The passing of traits from parents to offspring
What did Mendel use for his study?
Pea plants
Why he used pea plants? (three reasons)
There are male + female parts in the same flower so easy to control mating
Pea plants grow fast
The peas only had two different types - purple and white flowers
Monohybrid cross definition:
One cross of different traits
What a monohybrid cross is used to examine?
The distribution of one set of genes during reproduction
Self fertilization definition:
Was used to determine if offspring will have same characteristics as the original parent, called a test cross
What self fertilization tells us?
If all offspring of self fertilization were identical, then the original plant was true bred
What do the true bred plants serve as in Mendel’s studies?
The parental generation, or P generation
What are the offspring of the parental generation called?
F1 generation
What did Mendel’s experiment all for the F1 generation?
It allowed for them to self fertilize, which creates the F2 generation
What did Mendel learn from F2 generation?
The traits that disappear always reappear
Explanation of F2 traits reappearing?
Organisms can carry both forms but one masks the other
For Mendel, the purple petal trait was dominant over white petal trait
Each gene has two forms called what?
Alleles
