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Biology 2015-2016 > Photosynthesis ALL > Flashcards

Photosynthesis ALL Flashcards

1
Q

What molecule is needed to begin the Calvin cycle?

A

Carbon dioxide

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2
Q

Which molecules provide energy to power the Calvin cycle?

A

ATP and NADPH

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3
Q

How many molecules of PGAL are needed to form glucose?

A

2

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4
Q

How many turns of the Calvin cycle are required to form one glucose molecule?

A

2

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5
Q

Why is the Calvin cycle also known as the “dark” reactions?

A

It can be performed in the dark

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6
Q

Carbon dioxide ultimately ends up being fixed into a

A

Glucose molecule

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7
Q

What is carbon fixation

A

Combination of carbon and RUBP

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8
Q

Where does Calvin cycle take place

A

Stroma of chloroplast

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9
Q

Organism that can make its own food

A

Autotroph

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10
Q

Organism that cannot make its own food

A

Heterotrpoh

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11
Q

Energy enters the ecosystem int the form of

A

Light

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12
Q

What is the process of converting the energy from the sun into chemical energy int he form of molecules of glucose

A

Photosynthesis

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13
Q

Two processes that require the use of ATP

A

DNA synthesis

Spindle forming during DNA replication

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14
Q

The energy-carrying molecule of the cell that is very energy poor

A

ADP

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15
Q

Carbon dioxide is required for photosynthesis - how does plant get it?

A

Through the stomata

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16
Q

Water is required for photosynthesis - how does the plant get it?

A

Through the roots

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17
Q

Name given to the substances that absorb some wavelengths of light and reflect other wavelengths of light?

A

Pigments

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18
Q

In what part of the cell does photosynthesis occur?

A

Chromoplasts

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19
Q

Name given to the green pigment that is required for photosynthesis

A

Chlorophyll

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20
Q

The waxy covering that helps prevent water loss from a leaf

A

Cuticle

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21
Q

Pores found on the underside of leaves

A

Stoma

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22
Q

The layer of cells in a leaf that serves as the primary photosynthetic layer of the leaf

A

Pallisade

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23
Q

Cells found on either side of the stomata that regulate the opening and closing of the stomata

A

Guard cells

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24
Q

Tubes in the plant that carry water upward toward the leaves

A

Xylem

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25
Tubes in the plant that carry food out of the leaves
Phloem
26
Name of the flattened sacs found inside the chloroplast that contain the chlorophyll for photosynthesis
Chromoplasts
27
The dense liquid found inside the chloroplast
Thylakoids
28
Equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
29
During photosystem II what is split into oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electron
H20
30
ATP synthase is a protein that pumps
Hydrogen ions across the thylakoid membrane
31
The electron transport chain takes place in the
Thylakoid membrane
32
The electron transport chain makes up the
Light dependent reactions of photosynthesis
33
How does oxygen leave the leaf
Through the stomata on the underneath of the leaf
34
Where are sugars made
In chloroplasts
35
Light energy is converted to chemical energy
Photosynthesis
36
Plants produce what two things in photosynthesis
Oxygen and glucose
37
What is ATP
An energy source for both plants and animals
38
Photosynthesis takes what three things to create energy
Carbon dioxide, water, and energy
39
During photosynthesis what is used to produce molecules of glucose
Energy from the sun
40
What does ATP stand for
Adenine tri phosphate
41
What does ADP stand for
Adenine di phosphate
42
What is the role of ATP
Main energy currency of the cell
43
What is the role of ADP
An energy currency of the cell but less energy filled than ATP
44
How many phosphate groups are in ADP
2
45
How many phosphate groups are in ATP?
2
46
What is the significance of the third phosphate of ATP
To store excess energy
47
Three parts of ADP/ATP molecule
Adenine, ribose, phosphate
48
How does ATP become ADP
One of the phosphate groups breaks off
49
How does chlorophyll make a plant look green
Chlorophylls capture red and blue lights and reflect green wavelengths
50
Is oxygen requires for photosynthesis
No
51
Is photosynthesis the process of trapping the sun's energy in order to make molecules of glucose
Yes
52
Is carbon dioxide produced during photosynthesis
No
53
Are all parts of the plant capable of carrying out photosynthesis
No
54
Are the primary photosynthetic cells of a leaf the spongy cells
No
55
Life on earth is dependent on photosynthesis for what two things
Glucose and oxygen
56
Why do autotrophs depend on heterotrophs
For producing carbon dioxide
57
Any substance that absorbs light is called a
Pigment
58
What layer of the leaf prevents water loss
Cuticle
59
Why is the cuticle necessary
Protects leaf
60
What layer of the cell is the primary photosynthetic layer of the cell
Pallisade
61
Name of middle portion of the cell
Mesophyll
62
In what part of the cell does photosynthesis occur
Chromoplasts
63
In what part of the chromoplasts does photosynthesis happen
The thylakoids
64
Large stacks of thylakoids are called
Grana
65
The dense liquid in the thylakoids is called
The stroma
66
Photosystem:
A collection of chlorophyll molecules embedded into the thylakoid membrane
67
Once the energy of the sun gets absorbed by the chlorophylls the electrons become
Excited
68
After the electrons are excited in the thylakoids are passed to
An electron transport chain
69
How does photosystem II replace the electrons that were lost because they were excited due to the sun
A water molecule splits up and the electrons replace those lost
70
What happens to the oxygen from the water molecule split in photosystem II
They exit through the stomata
71
The electrons energized in photosystem II move from there to photosystem I through what
The electron transport chain
72
When the water breaks to replace electrons lost in photosystem II during light-dependent reactions what is it split into
2 electrons, 2 H+ ions, 1 oxygen ion
73
Do both photosystems absorb sunlight during light-dependent reactions
Yes
74
Why does photosystem I absorb energy from the sun
To re-energize the electrons
75
Where do the electrons go after photosystem I
NADP+
76
How does NADP+ become NADPH during light-dependent reactions
Joins with the two electrons and one H+
77
How is ATP actually formed
Hydrogen ions flow through ATP synthase from an area of high concentration to low (inside thylakoid to outside) As the hydrogen passes through it spins and with the help of the enzyme ATP synthase it creates energy - this energy turns ADP into ATP
78
When the hydrogen lost during the production of ATP comes back into the cell what happens
Comes into the thylakoid and because against concentration gradient uses energy from electron transport chain
79
Is glucose produced in light dependent reactions
No
80
What is the purpose of the light dependent reactions
To produce ATP and NADPH
81
What are the two energy storage molecules that provide energy to make sugar
ATP and NADPH
82
In which organelle does photosynthesis take place
Chloroplasts
83
During what process does carbon dioxide turn into glucose
Carbon fixation
84
What pigment absorbs most colors and reflects green
Chlorophyll
85
What color is chlorophyll a
Blue green
86
What color is chlorophyll b
Yellow green
87
The decomposition of water into hydrogen ions and oxygen gas is called
Photolysis
88
What is the chloroplast membrane like
A double membrane
89
During what reactions is sunlight absorbed by plants and energy storage molecules are created
Light dependent reactions
90
When light contacts the thylakoid the electrons become
Excited
91
Where do the light reactions occur
In membrane of the thylakoid
92
Where do the dark reactions occur
Stroma
93
What gas is is required to make sugar
Carbon dioxide
94
During light reactions what gas is produced
Oxygen
95
What part of the plant contains chloroplasts
Leaf
96
Name of stacks of thylakoids
Grana
97
Factors which can affect rates of photosynthesis
Temperature, light intensity, availability of water
98
With the help of ATP and NADPH PGA will turn into
PGAL
99
Why is ATP becoming ADP important
The removal of the phosphate group releases energy so that the cell can use it for cellular activities
100
Difference between ADP and ATP
ATP is energy rich and ADP is energy poor

Biology 2015-2016 (26 decks)

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