structure of the nervous system Flashcards
What are the 3 components of the biological control system and what do they do
Receptor-cells which detect change in conditions (stimuli)
Effector- carry out responses to return conditions to optimal
Coordination center effectors are linked to receptors via coordinates center
Examples of coordinates centers are spinal cord the brain and the pancreas
How is information sent when the brain or the spinal cord is the receptor
Passed from receptors cells to effectors in the form of a electrical impulse
Name a organ which is not part of the nervous system but passes information
Pancreas uses hormones and to pass information from receptor cell to effector
What is the structure of the nervous system
The brain and spinal cord have billions of neurons which form the central nervous system (CNS)
The very long neurons extend out to receptors and effectors in different parts of the body.
Information is passed from the receptor along to the neutrons as an electrical impulse into the CNS.
The CNS basses on the surroundings passes electrical impulses out to effectors (muscle or glands)
What is a reflex action
A rapid protection movement like blinking
And do not require any conscious thought because the electrical impulse pass almost directly from the receptor to effector along the reflex arc
What hormones do the glands release into the bloodstream
Glands release or secrete hormones into the bloodstream and is transported throughout the whole body but only cause responses in specific target organs
Where is the pituitary gland and what does it release and do
In the brain and releases hormones that causes other glands to produce hormones and is called the master endocrine gland
Name a gland which detects change and releases hormones themselves
pancreas
What does the pancreas do when glucose falls below the optimum level
Releases oxygen glucagon. Glucagon causes the liver and muscle cells to covert stored glycogen to glucose
Which organ monitors and controls human blood glucose concentrations
pancreas
How does the control system work
Pancreas detects when blood glucose rises above optimum level and releases (secretes) insulin.
Insulin stimulates increase glucose uptake by all body cells.
Liver and muscle cells store excess glucose as glycogen
what is the endocine system
number of glands which secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream and the bloood carrys these hormans throught the body only acting on specific target organs where it produces an effect
name some differences with the nervous and endocrine system
the nervous system uses electrical impulses which travel down neurons while the endocrine system uses hormones which are chemicals carried in the bloodstream
where signalling in the nervous system is very fast the endocrine system is much slower and lasts longer
what are the key glands of the system and where are they located
pancreas involved with controlling the concentration of the blood
overies and testes release hormones involved in puberty and reproduction
thyroid gland produces hormones with involve growth and in regulating the body basal metabolic rate (how rapidly the body reaction takes place)
the adrenal gland releases adrenaline which is produced in times of fear and stress
the pituitary gland is found in the brain(scientists call it the master gland) and releases a number of different hormones into the blood depending on the condition they act on other glands causing other hormones to release
