defenses and immune response Flashcards
what is the first layer of protecting for pathogens to enter the body
skin-porvides a protective layer for the majority of the boady surface and has many layer of cells including a layer of dead cells
name another layer of protection against micro organisms
mucus membranes which secrete mucus which traps microorganisms and are then destroyed by the white blood cells called phagocyte
the mucus also contains the enzyme lysosomes which destroys bacteria by digesting the cell wall of the bacteria
Name another place where you can find lysosomes
in tears to stop pathogens from entering through the eye
name a way the the body can expel the pathogen
sneezing
coughing
vomiting
diarrhea
what do pathogens do once they are inside the body
multiply and damage healthy tissue
what are the 2 main function of the immune system
destroy pathogens and any toxins they produce
protect us encase the same type pf pathogen enters out body again in the future
what are the 3 function of they white blood cell
can ingest and destroy pathogens
make antibodies
make anti toxins
what is the process of phagocytes
the white blood cell detects chemicals released from the pathogen and moves towards it
and it ingests the pathogen and uses enzymes to destroy the pathogen
What is the process of using antibodies to destroy pathogens
antibodies are protein molecules made by white blood cells
the anti bodies stick to the pathogen and destroy it
what are the 2 key factors about anti bodies
antibodies are extremely specific
antibodies can remain in the blood for a very long time. which means they can protect us encase you get infected again
what is the process of anti toxins
Antitoxins stick to toxin molecules and prevent them from damaging cells.
what is the name of the white blood cell which can release anti toxins
Lymphocytes
antibiotics and drug development
what was the first antibiotic discovered
penicillin
what do antibiotics do
Antibiotics kill infected bacteria inside the human body, without harming body cells.
what us the problem with antibiotics and what can it not kill
when some antibiotics are overused then the bacteria can become immune to the antibiotic (called antibiotic resistant)
they cant kill virus
