Structure and layout of the brain

Question 1

What are the 4 main areas of the brain

Answer 1

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe

Question 2

Where are the lobes located

Answer 2

Under their respective skull bones (Look at diagram to name)

Question 3

What is the basic function of the frontal lobe

Answer 3

Motor control, language, emotion and personality

Question 4

What is the basic function of the parietal lobe

Answer 4

Somatosensory - conscious awareness and feeling

Question 5

What is the basic function of the occipital lobe

Answer 5

Vision

Question 6

What is the basic function of the temporal lobe

Answer 6

Memory and hearing

Question 7

What are the three sulci and their positions

Answer 7

Central sulcus - Separates parietal and frontal
Parieto-occipital sulcus - Separates Parietal and occipital
Lateral sulcus - separates frontal and temporal

Question 8

What is the fissure name and position

Answer 8

Transverse fissure - separates cerebrum and cerebellum.

Question 9

What makes up the brain stem

Answer 9

Mid brain, Pons and Medulla Oblongata

Question 10

What are the 3 types of white matter tracts in the brain

Answer 10

Commissural - Communicate from one hemisphere to another
Projection - Communication from the brain to other areas of the CNS
Association - Communication between areas of the brain (short or long distance)

Question 11

What are the two major cortical areas for motor control

Answer 11

pre central gyrus - Motor (in frontal lobe)

Post central gyrus - somatosensory (in parietal lobe)

Question 12

What is the corticospinal pathway

Answer 12

The two neurons between the brain and effector - efferent.

Question 13

Describe the corticospinal pathway

Answer 13

Upper motor neuron - Cell body in precentral gyrus. Axon from motor cortex to spinal cord on opposite side (crosses over at medulla oblongata)
Lower motor neuron - Cell body in ventral horn or spinal cord. Axon extends into body and synapses to skeletal muscle.

Question 14

What is the dorsal/posterior column pathway

Answer 14

The three neurons between sensory receptor and somatosensory neuron in postcentral gyrus

Question 15

Describe the dorsal/posterior column pathway

Answer 15

Neuron 1 - Cell body in dorsal root ganglion, in put zone in skin. Ascends up dorsal columns.
Neuron 2 - Cell body in Medulla Oblongata. Axon crosses to opposite side.
Neuron 3 - Cell body in thalamus. Axon ascends to somatosensory cortex. Synapses on cell body of somatosensory cortex neuron.