Structure and functions in living organisms Flashcards

Question

what happens to an enzyme as temperature increases

Answer 1

As temperature increase so does the rate of reaction up to a certain point. kinetic energy of molecules increases=more collisions optimum temp is when enzymes work rate is the highest After optimum temp enzyme denatures(active site shape changes)

Answer 2

the shape changes active site changes

Answer 3

If it is too high or too low the Ph interferes with the bonds holding the enzyme together - This changes the shape of the active site - enzyme denatures - Active site changes - No ESC formed - All enzymes have an optimum pH that they work best at , this usually a pH Level of 7

Answer 4

all enzymes have an optimum pH level of usually 7

Answer 5

- Add 5cm3 starch solution to a test tube and heat to a set temperature using beaker of water with a Bunsen burner - Add a drop of Iodine to each of the wells of a spotting tile - Use a syringe to add 2cm3 amylase to the starch solution and mix well - Every minute, transfer a droplet of solution to a new well of iodine solution (which should turn blue-black) -Repeat this transfer process until the iodine solution stops turning blue-black (this means the amylase has broken down all the starch) -Record the time taken for the reaction to be completed -Repeat the investigation for a range of temperatures (from 20°C to 60°C)

Answer 6

Diffusion is the random net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Answer 7

Osmosis is the net movement of free water molecules from an area of high water concentration/pointential to an area of low water concentration across a partially permeable membrane

Answer 8

- surface area : volume ratio - short diffusion distance - Large blood supply to maintain concentration gradient ( only affects diffusion and osmosis not active transport) - Temperature (as the particles in the substance get warmer they have more energy - so they move faster . This means as temperature increases substance moves in and out of cell faster. - concentration gradient ( bigger concentration gradient faster rate of diffusion)

Answer 9

- cut up a potato into identical cylinders - get some beakers with different sugar levels - one with pure water - one with a very high concentration of sugar solution then have a few other beakers with concentrations in between - measure the initial length of the cylinders - leave for around half-hour - measure the final length - if the cylinders have drawn in water via osmosis they will be a bit longer - if they have shrunk then they have lost water via osmosis

Answer 10

Active transport is the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using ATP (goes against the concentration gradient)