Movement of substances

Question 1

what is diffusion

Answer 1

the net movement of particles from an area highconcentartion to an area of low concentration gradient.

Question 2

What is osmosis

Answer 2

The movement of water particles from a high water potential to a low water potential through a partially permeable membrane

Question 3

What is active transport

Answer 3

The net movement against the concentartion gradient from a low concentration to a high concentration which require ATP (Energy released during respiration)

Question 4

What is Transpiration

Answer 4

The loss of water through evaporation Via the stomata

Question 5

what factors effect transpiration

Answer 5

Wind speed- increase
Light intensity-increases
temperature-Increase
Humidity- decrease

Question 6

What factors effect Diffusion

Answer 6

distance- short distance (faster rate of diffusion)
Larger SA:VOL ratio
High temp- more kinetic energy
Good blood supply- maintain conc gradient

Question 7

what factors effect active transport

Answer 7

Temperature- more kinetic energy (move faster)
Distance- short (faster)
Larger SA:VOL ratio- faster

Question 8

How is water absorbed by the root hair cell

Answer 8

Via transpiration
water enters the transpiration stream via the root hair cells

Question 9

what are the adaptations of the root hair cell

Answer 9

The absorption of water and minerals via transpiration
no chloroplast- root hair cell is underground—–> no photosynthesis needed

finger like projections increase SA for osmosis/diffusion

Lots of mitochondria for active transport of minerals

Large vacuole to absorb as much water possible

Question 10

what are the excretory products of the lungs, kidneys and skin

Answer 10

lungs- carbon dioxide + water Vapour
kidneys- urine
skin- urea, ammonia, lactic acids

Question 11

what does urine contain

Answer 11

urea, water and ions (ammonia, nitrate)

Question 12

How does the Kidney carry out the role of excretion.

Answer 12

Ultrafiltration
selective reabsorption
reabsorbtion

Question 13

What two substances that can not enter bowman’s Capsule

Answer 13

Protein
Red blood cells
White blood cells

Question 14

what happens in the Glomerulus

Answer 14

ultrafiltration
Blood enters at a high blood pressure through the renal artery
The pressure forces fluid into the Bowmans capsule- glomerulus filtrate

Question 15

what molecules can get through the glomerulus

Answer 15

ions, water and small molecules like glucose

Question 16

where do you go after the glomerulus and what happens

Answer 16

Bowmans capsule
fluid passes through - called the filtrate
the fluid does not contain any blood cells or large molecules like protein as they are too big to pass out of the capillary and into the tuble

Question 17

where do you go after the bowman’s capsule and what happens

Answer 17

PCT - Proximal convoluted tubule
Selective reabsorption occurs

Question 18

what molecules are reabsorbed in the PCT and why are they useful

Answer 18

Glucose- useful for respiration
Amino aids- useful in the body for protein synthesis and for hormones binds to form enzymes
Sodium and chloride
small amount of urea

Question 19

What happens in the descending loop of Henle

Answer 19

Water is reabsorbed via osmosis

Question 20

what happens in the ascending loop of Henle

Answer 20

salts pumped out-
sodium and chloride ions are actively transported out of the ascending loop of Henele

Question 21

why are salts pumped out of the ascending loop of Henle

Answer 21

Creates a salty Medulla
LWP in the Medulla water moves out via active transport
increases the rate of osmosis more water reabsorbed

Question 22

where do you go after the Loop of Henle and what happens

Answer 22

DCT - Distal Convoluted tube
more reabsorption of ions occurs
sodium and chloride

Question 23

where do you go after the DCT and what happens

Answer 23

The Collecting duct
selective reabsorption of water occurs

urine is collected in the pelvis and sent to the ureter

ADH is released - controlling the amount of water reabsorbed

Question 24

Where is ADH produced

Answer 24

Pituitary Gland

Question 25

why is it important that blood passes through at a high pressure

Answer 25

To force through the small molecules into your membrane
and into the bowman’s capsule where glomerulus filtrate is produced

Question 26

What is deamination

Answer 26

When the body has excess amino acids so the liver converts it to carbohydrates and urea