Alimentary canal

Question 1

what is the meaning of digestion

Answer 1

The mechanical and chemical break down of food

Question 2

what do salivary glands contain

Answer 2

produces salivary
enzyme - salivary amylase
start the break down of starch/ carbohydrates
slavery moisten foods making it more easy to break down

Question 3

What happens in the mouth

Answer 3

Food is ingested
mechanical digestion occurs- breaking down food into small soluble molecules increase the surface are for enzymes
Food mixes with saliva- (salvia contains salivary amylase) food forms a bolus which is pushed to the back of the mouth by the tongue.

Question 4

Where does the food move through after the mouth and what happens in their

Answer 4

Moves into the oesophagus- muscular tube from the mouth to the stomach

peristalsis occurs in the tube- wave like circular contractions to aid the movement of food to the stomach from the mouth

Question 5

what are the two muscles used during peristalsis

Answer 5

longitudinal
circular

Question 6

what happens in the Stomach and what is the stomach described as

Answer 6

a muscular bag which stores food for several hours
Secrete/ produces hydrochloric acid makes the stomach very acid (low PH)
Produces enzyme pepsins- break down protein into peptides (initial digestion)
muscles in the walls in the stomach contract and clump food together (mechanical digestion)

Question 7

what is acid used for in the stomach

Answer 7

kills bacteria- preventing food poising
Provides optimum Ph for enzymes to work (pepsin)

Question 8

what is the function of bile

Answer 8

emulsify lipids- creates a larger SA for lipase to bind
neutralises the acid in the stomach (makes conditions alkaline)

Question 9

what is the job of the liver

Answer 9

filter toxins from the blood
produces Bile

Question 10

what happens in the Liver and what is it know as

Answer 10

the factory
stores some molecules
break downs molecules
produces bile

Question 11

what is stored in the gall bladder

Answer 11

stores Bile into bile duct–> to enter the duodenum

Question 12

what happens in the Duodenum

Answer 12

Food continues to be broken down into small soluble molecules( which are absorbed in the lumen)
bile is used in the duodenum- neutralisation of Hydrochloric acid
bile emulsifies lipids

Question 13

what happens in the pancreas

Answer 13

produces enzyme which are released into the duodenum for chemical digestion of food

Question 14

what are the enzymes found in the pancreas

Answer 14

trypsin—> protein
Lipase—> Lipids
Pancreatic Amylase—> Starch

Question 14

what happens in the small intestine
the first section?

Answer 14

Duodenum
Final place of breaking down molecules
bile is used- neutralisation of acids

Question 14

what is the function of Lacteal

Answer 14

Absorbs fats( lipids)

Question 14

what is the adaptation of the villi and how it helps

Answer 14

Thin walls- short diffusion distance

Large capillary network- maintain concentration gradient

Large SA- villi + microvilli more chance for absorption of molecules

Long increases chance for productsto be absorbed
contains Lacteal- absorbs (fats energy store)

Question 14

what happens in the Large intestine

Answer 14

Any excess water is absorbed in the colon

separates the undigested/ non-soluble material like ( cellulose, dead and living bacteria, cells lost from living of the gut) sent to the anus

Question 14

what happens in the Anus

Answer 14

expels faeces from the body (egestion)

Question 14

what is egestion

Answer 14

the removal of indigestible material

Question 14

what happens in the Rectum

Answer 14

stores faeces (semi sold waste material, fibre)

Question 14

what does the small intestine contain and what for
(Hint the second part of the ileum)

Answer 14

ileum - contains a villi for absorption
Absorption of small molecules into the blood stream
contains lacteal
contains the villi