Reproduction/hormones/Inheritance

Question 1

What is the role of oestrogen

Answer 1

Stimulates the thickening of uterus lining

stimulates the production of LH

Question 2

What is the function of progesterone

Answer 2

Maintains the uterus lining inhibits (stops) FSH and LH

Question 2

where is oestrogen produced in the body

Answer 2

Ovaries

Question 2

What is the role of FSH in the menstrual cycle

Answer 2

stimulates development of the folicle
egg development
surged ovulation

Question 2

Where is progesterone produced in the body

Answer 2

Ovaries

Question 2

What is the role of LH in the menstrual cycle

Answer 2

Surges to stimulate ovulation

Question 2

where is LH and FSH produced in the body

Answer 2

Pituiarty gland

Question 2

What does FSH stand for

Answer 2

Follicle stimulating hormone

Question 2

what does LH stand for

Answer 2

Luteinizing Hormone

Question 3

What is the role of the placenta in nutrition of the developing embryo

Answer 3

glucose and oxygen diffuse across to allow respiration to occur

Question 4

what is the job of the amniotic fluid

Answer 4

protects foetus from jolts and bumps

keeps temperature fairly constant

high heat capacity so requires lots of energy to move the temperature either way

Question 5

what is asexual reproduction

Answer 5

• mitosis
• involves only one parent
• the offspring have identical genes
• no genetic variation

Question 6

explain mitosis

Answer 6

• growth and repair
• one cell division
• 2 daughter cells
• Diploid
• Occurs everywhere but the sex organs
• no genetic variation

Question 7

how does mitosis occur

Answer 7

• is when a cell reproduces itself by splitting
• to form two cells with identical sets of chromosomes

-

Question 8

what is sexual reproduction

Answer 8

Meiosis
- genetic information from two organisms (a father and Mother)

• produces genetically different cells
  genetic variation
• produces gametes (sperm and egg cells)

Question 9

what are gametes

Answer 9

Sex cells (egg and sperm)

Question 10

how many chromosomes does each gamete have

Answer 10

23 chromosomes
haploid

Question 11

what does sexual reproduction involve

Answer 11

fusion of the male and female gametes

because there are two parents the offspring contain a mixture of their parents genes

Question 12

what is meiosis features

Answer 12

• produces gametes
• 2 cell divisions
• 4 daughter cells
• haploid
  -genetically different
• occurs in sex organs

Question 13

what is an alleles

Answer 13

different versions of the same gene

Question 14

what is Heterozygous

Answer 14

a trait which you have two different alleles

eg (Dd)

Question 14

what is homozygous

Answer 14

a trait which you have two alleles are the same

e.g ( AA) or (aa)

Question 15

what is genotype

Answer 15

the combination of the two alleles that an individual has

letters

Question 16

What is Phenotype

Answer 16

observable characteristics - the characteristics of the allele produced)

e.g ( brown eyes, female, male,
blue eyes, ginger hair)

words

Question 17

what is the dominant and recessive allele

Answer 17

dominant- allele is always expressed in the phenotype

Recessive- allele is only expressed in the phenotype when they have 2 copies

Question 18

what causes discontinuous variation

Answer 18

genetic variation

Question 19

What causes continuous variation

Answer 19

Features often vary because of a combination of genetic and environmental causes

Question 20

what is phenotypic variation

Answer 20

Is the variability in the phenotype that exists in a population because of genetic variation and environmental factors

Question 21

describe the structure/features of insect pollinated flowers

Answer 21

stamen- enclosed within the flower

stigma- Enclosed within the flower ( so insect must make contact)

type of stigma- Sticky so pollen grains attach to insect

Size of petals- big to attract insect

colour of petals - bright to attract insect

Nectary- sweet to attract insects

Pollen grains- large, sticky, hooks

Question 22

describe the structure/features of Wind pollinated flowers

Answer 22

Stamen - exposed to win

Stigma- exposed to catch pollen blowing in the wind

Type of stigma- feathery to capture pollen

Size of petals- small

Colour of petals- dull no need to attract insects ( usually green)

Nectary- none

Pollen grains, smaller smooth, inflated grains to carry in the wind

Question 23

what are two ways Plants reproduce asexually

Answer 23

Runners
cuttings

Question 24

what are the steps for cloning

Answer 24

• artificial method
• cutting

1. Gardeners can take cuttings from good plants and then plant them to produce genetically identical copies
2. These plants can be produced quickly and cheaply

Question 24

what are the steps to Runners

Answer 24

strawbwerries

1. the parent strawberry plant send out runners - fast growing stems that grow out sideways, just above the ground
2. runners take root at various points ( as short distance away) a new plant grows
3. The new plants are clones of the plant
   ( genetically identical)

Question 25

What is the definition of Haploid

Answer 25

cell only contains one of each chromosome(23)

Question 26

What is the definition of Diploid

Answer 26

Cell contains two of each chromosome (46)