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Science 391 > Structure and Function > Flashcards

Structure and Function Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Filament

A

the part of a plant’s reproduction system that holds the anther

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2
Q

Skeletal System

A

protects organs, supports the body, helps muscles move, and stores minerals like calcium.

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3
Q

Centrioles

A

During mitosis, these are the parts of the cell that order the spindle and pull the chromosomes apart. Only found in cells from animals.

Assist with cell divisions

Movers

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4
Q

Organ System

A

A group of various organs combined to perform a function or functions

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5
Q

Organ

A

A group of various tissue types combined to perform a function
Ex: brain

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6
Q

Cell

A

smallest unit of all living organisms
Ex: nerve cell

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7
Q

Tissue

A

a group of similar cells
Ex: nerves

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8
Q

Lipids / Fats

A

Large fat molecules used for long-term energy storage.
Ex: butter, saturated fat

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9
Q

Nucleus (of the Cell)

A

organelle that controls cellular function by turning genes in DNA on and off

CEO Office

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10
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

using the genetic material from two parents to make a baby

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11
Q

Haploid

A

a type of cell that has only half of the normal amount of DNA; a gamete or sex cell

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12
Q

Homeostasis

A

process by which an organism maintains stable internal conditions
Ex: sweating to stay cool

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13
Q

Spore Dispersal

A

spores are spread by air or water as a form of asexual reproduction.
Ex: mosses

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14
Q

Cell Wall

A

A strong outer layer that shapes and grows the cell.

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15
Q

Golgi Complex / Golgi Apparatus

A

This organelle receives proteins, checks for damage, then “packages” them in vesicles to send to other cells.

Packinging Department

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16
Q

Ovary

A

the part of a flower that makes ovules

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17
Q

Respiratory System

A

brings oxygen into the bloodstream and gets rid of carbon dioxide from the bloodstream.

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18
Q

Amphibians

A

Cold-blooded animals with smooth, wet skin that have a backbone. Adults live on land, but their eggs are laid in water.
Ex: frog

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19
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

The rough endoplasmic reticulum and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum are two types of the same organelle. Ribosomes are connected to rough ER, but not to smooth ER.

Assembly Lines

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20
Q

Stomata

A

During photosynthesis, water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen pass through small holes in the leaves of plants. control how much air and water enters and leaves the leaf cell.

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21
Q

Animal Kingdom

A

Consumers are eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic creatures.

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22
Q

Muscle Cell

A

Used to move the skeleton, digest food, and pump blood

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23
Q

Chloroplast

A

organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis happens and where chlorophyll is found.

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24
Q

Differentiation of Cells / Specialization of Cells

A

specialization; the process of stem cells becoming specialized cells

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25
Q

Metamorphosis

A

a change from one stage to the next in an organism’s life cycle

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26
Q

Anther

A

the part of a plant’s reproductive system that holds pollen

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27
Q

Insects

A

Animals that usually don’t have a backbone, have a hard shell (exoskeleton), three body parts (head, thorax, abdomen), antennae, and three sets of legs.

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28
Q

Mammals

A

Warm-blooded animals usually have three bones in their ears, hair, and give their young milk.

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29
Q

Stamen

A

the male sexual part of a plant; includes the anther and filament

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30
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Proteins that are like threads give a cell its shape and allow it to move.

Support beams and walkways

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31
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Plant and animal cells have a clear, jelly-like fluid that is mostly water.

Factory Floor

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32
Q

Coniferous Tree

A

type of tree that doesn’t lose all of its leaves at a certain time (like winter).

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33
Q

Plasma Membrane / Cell Membrane

A

A cell’s soft barrier that holds in the cytoplasm. Proteins in this membrane control how chemicals move into and out of the cell.

Doors and security guards

34
Q

Reptiles

A

Cold-blooded animals with dry, scaly skin that have a backbone. Stay on the land.
Ex: snake

35
Q

Fungi Kingdom

A

Decomposers are eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic creatures that eat dead matter.(decomposers)
Ex: mushrooms

36
Q

Endocrine System

A

makes hormones that other parts of the body use to control, respond, or grow.

37
Q

Bacteria

A

Microorganisms with only one cell that can be round, spiral, or rod-shaped. Prokaryotic (no nucleus). Can be both good and bad.
Typically encountered by humans

38
Q

Pistil

A

The ovary, style, and stigma are all parts of a plant’s female reproductive systems.

39
Q

Lymphatic System / Immune System

A

protects the body from sickness and infection and gets rid of water that has built up around the organs.

40
Q

Microvilli

A

Small hairs that stick out of intestinal cells to improve surface area for better absorption of nutrients.

41
Q

Respiration

A

process in which creatures use food, like sugar, to make energy and waste.

42
Q

Collagen

A

Protein cells that give tendons, ligaments, bone, and skin their shape and support

43
Q

Cardiovascular / Circulatory System

A

transports material (ex: oxygen) throughout the body

44
Q

Protists Kingdom

A

single-celled, but neither an animal nor a plant nor a fungus.

45
Q

Digestive System

A

breaks down food through physical and chemical reactions, and then either takes it (in the small intestine) or gets rid of it (in the rectum).

46
Q

Nerve Cell

A

Specialized cells that either receive messages or send them

47
Q

Integumentary System

A

protects the body from outside substances, maintains its temperature, and excretes water and salt through perspiration.

48
Q

Complete Metamorphosis

A

a four-stage cycle where the young look nothing like the adults. has four parts: the egg, the larva, the pupa, and the adult.
Ex: butterflies

49
Q

Taxonomic Hierarchy

A

All living creatures can be grouped. Domains come first, followed by species.

50
Q

Reproductive System

A

makes gametes (sperm for males and eggs for females) and helps make babies.

51
Q

Budding / Vegetative Propagation

A

Asexual development involves branching off from the main organism.

52
Q

Mitochondria

A

The organelle that makes ATP from chemical energy. This part of the cell is often called the “powerhouse”

53
Q

Self-Fertilization

A

Sexual reproduction uses one plant’s DNA. Plant pollen fertilizes its own egg.

54
Q

Eukaryotes

A

any living thing with a type of cell that has a nucleus and parts
Larger than prokaryotic

55
Q

Plant Kingdom

A

eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic creatures (producers)

56
Q

Cross-Pollination

A

sexual reproduction by pollen from one plant fertilizing the egg of another plant

57
Q

Metabolism

A

Convert fuel and food

58
Q

Ribosome

A

organelle that makes proteins for the cell

Workers

59
Q

Nervous System

A

information, processes it, and then tells the body how to react to it.

60
Q

Organelle

A

membrane-bound structures with specific roles. Found in all eukaryotic cells
Little organs

61
Q

Apical Meristem

A

the part of a plant with unspecialized cells, usually at the ends of shoots and roots

62
Q

Transpiration

A

a type of evaporation in which water leaves the surface of plant leaves as mist.

63
Q

Non-Vascular Plant

A

Type of plant that does not have an internal transport system

64
Q

Stigma

A

In flowers, the top part of the pistil, where pollen starts to grow.

65
Q

Archaea / Archaebacteria

A

Single-celled organisms that sometimes live in places where life wasn’t supposed to be found, like around hot water vents deep in the ocean.

66
Q

Pollen

A

male plant gametes

67
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

Stores fat to protect and cushion the organs of the body
Ex: fat

68
Q

Connective Cell

A

Found throughout the body in the bones, blood, and adipose (fat)

69
Q

Asexual Reproduction

A

Only one parent’s genes are used to make a new baby. Mitosis makes offspring that are genetically the same as their parents.

70
Q

Lysosome

A

Animal cells have an organelle that has enzymes that break down big molecules. When it dies, it breaks down the cell.

Custodians

71
Q

Epithelial Cell

A

Found in intestines, skin and blood vessels
Ex: skin, hair

72
Q

Prokaryotes

A

any living thing with cells that doesn’t have a nuclear membrane

73
Q

Muscular System

A

moves parts of the body that work with the skeleton (like a leg) or materials (like food through the intestines or blood through the heart).
Ex: bicep muscle

74
Q

Incomplete Metamorphosis

A

a three-stage cycle where kids look different from adults, but not as drastically as in total metamorphosis. egg, larva (nymph), and adult;

75
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Molecules like sugar (glucose) and starch that are used as a quick source of energy

76
Q

Proteins

A

Are amino acids. Different functions like enzymes speed up chemical reactions, but breaking down proteins releases energy

77
Q

Vesicle

A

organelle that transport materials throughout the cell.

Utility Carts

78
Q

Turgor Pressure

A

The force of water against the vacuole of a plant cell, which gives it a rigid look.

79
Q

Urinary System / Excretory System

A

controls the amount of water in the blood and gets rid of waste.
Ex: kidneys

80
Q

Deciduous Tree

A

type of tree whose leaves fall off at a certain time or event, like winter.
Ex: oak tree

Science 391 (19 decks)

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