Force and Motion Flashcards
Acceleration
How quickly something changes velocity
a measure of speed or direction change based on velocity/time.
Ex: slowing down, turning a corner
Net Force
Total force.
Newton’s First Law / The Law of Inertia
Resist change in motion
Bullet remains in chamber
Inertia
the tendency to fight changes in state of motion
Ex: objects at rest stay at rest and objects in motion stay in motion
Pulley
a simple machine that can change the direction and size of a force
Gravitational Force
gravity’s pull on all masses
Ex: Earth pulls on Moon
Weak Nuclear Force
a force in the nucleus that prevents particles from breaking down.
Ex: Radioactive decay
Position vs. Time Graph
a graph with position on the y-axis and time on the x-axis, the slope of the line equals speed
Work
The amount of energy it takes to move an object
The answer is found by multiplying force by distance. For work to have been done, the object must MOVE.
Speed vs. Time Graph
a graph with speed on the y-axis and time on the x-axis, the slope of the line equals acceleration
Mechanical Advantage
Gives the illusion of amplifying a force.
In a simple machine, the process of making a force stronger by making it go farther.
Ex: Pushing refrigerator up a ramp
Newton’s Second Law
F = ma, says that a bigger mass needs a bigger force to move at the same speed.
Gunpowder launches small bullet at a high acceleration
Ex: force needed to stop a bowling ball vs baseball rolling at same speed
Displacement
the difference between the starting and ending point of an object
Simple Machine
A tool that makes work easier by decreasing force but increasing distance or increasing force but decreasing distance.
Newton’s Third Law
the idea that every action has a response that is equal and opposite to it
Gun recoils slightly
Ex: Balloons release air when the bottom is released. This raises the balloon.
