Physical and Chemical Properties Flashcards
Element
an atom with a unique number of protons in its nucleus
Mixture
a substance with atoms, molecules, or particles of two or more components mixed but not chemically combined
Flammability
how likely something is to catch fire
Physical Change
a change in the appearance of a material with no change to its chemical composition
Ex: phase change (water boiling)
Chemical Change
a change that alters the chemical composition of a material
Ex: digestion (carbs breaking down into sugar)
Electrical Insulator
A substance that slows or stops electricity flow
Ex: glass, air
Ground
the lowest potential, or voltage, in a circuit
Ex: negative battery terminal
Nucleus (of the Atom)
the small, positively charged core of an atom. It is made up of protons and neutrons.
Phase Change
a change of state of a substance
Ex: gas to liquid
Molecular Bond / Covalent Bond
a chemical bond that happens when two non-metal atoms share their outer electrons.
Electrons are shared between atoms
IS SHARING
Ex: bond between carbon and oxygen (CO2)
Thermal Conductivity
how well a material conducts heat
Conduction
the transfer of heat between two objects.
Pure Substance
a substance that consists of only one type of atom or molecule
Ex: helium gas
Luster
the power of a mineral’s surface to reflect light; can be metallic, submetallic, or nonmetallic.
Filtration
Separation using a medium that retains solid particles but allows liquid to flow through.
Electrical Conductor
a material, often metal, through which electrons can move freely
Ex: Copper wire
Solid
A state of matter with particles fixed and packed closely together; has a shape and volume.
Ex: Ice
Hardness
the mineral’s scratch resistance on the Mohs scale, where talc, the softest mineral, scores 1 and diamond, the hardest mineral, scores 10.
Ex: diamond is hard, talc is soft
Homogeneous Mixture
a mixture with the same ratio of parts throughout the mixture
Ex: salt dissolves in water
Distillation
A way to clean a liquid by heating it until it turns into a gas and then condensing it into a different container.
Electrical Conductivity
how well a material conducts electricity; a physical property of matter
Conservation of Matter
Matter cannot be created or destroyed; it only changes form
Ex: Chemical reaction
Magnetism
how a mineral reacts to magnets.
Chemical Properties
properties observed only when substances interact to form a new substance
Density
the amount of mass present in a given volume. Reflection of how tightly packed the atoms are.
Ex: Water has a density of 1 gram per cubic centimeter.
Solvent
a substance that makes other substances dissolve
Ex: if salt is dissolved in water, water is the solvent.
Ground State
layout of electrons in an atom with the least amount of energy
Compound
groups of two or more different elements held together by ionic or molecular bonds
Ex: NaCl and H2O
Atom
he smallest unit of an element that has properties of that element
Chemical Reaction
Rearranges the atomic bonds between atoms, to form a new substance
Ionic Bond
a chemical link formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
Electrons are removed from one atom and given to an atom of another element.
IS TAKING
Ferromagnetic Materials
Permanently magnetic materials consisting of iron, often mixed with cobalt, nickel, or alnico.
Ex: steel
Molecule
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are held together by a molecular bond.
Heterogeneous Mixture
a blend that isn’t mixed evenly
Ex: granola with raisins at the bottom
Solution
Homogeneous mixtures. One substance dissolves in another.
Ex: simple syrup (sugar and water)
Solute
The material that is dissolved in the solvent
In a solution, you pUT the solUTe into the solvent.
Ex:The sugar in lemonade
Sublimation
Pure solid changes directly to a gas
