Stroke/Anaphylaxis/NEXUS/SAT Flashcards
Name the common symptoms of hypoglycaemia.
“He IS TIRED”
- Headache
- Irratable
- Sweating
- Tachycardia
- Increased thirst + urination
- Restlessness
- Excessive hunger
- Dizziness
What criteria do we use to determine the presence of anaphylaxis?
RASH criteria
- Respiratory
- Abdo
- Skin
- Hypotension
Explain the “R” in RASH criteria.
Respiratory
Trouble breathing
Wheeze
Coughing
Chest tightness
Itchy thoat
Explain the “A” in RASH criteria.
Abdo
Abdo pain
Nausea + vomiting
Diarrhoea
Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
Explain the “S” in RASH criteria.
Skin
- Flushing
- Itchy - eyes, nose, throat, mouth, lips
- Swelling (angiodemia)
- Hives (Urticaria)
Explain the “H” in RASH criteria.
Hypotension
- Feeling faint or actually fainting (syncope)
- Confusion
- Anxiety
- Irritability
Name some risk factors for sepsis.
Hint - SEPSIS TIME
S - Suppressed immune sys
E - Extreme age
P - Procured organ
S - Surgical procedure
I - Indwelling device
S - Severe pain, SOB
T - Temperature
I - Infection
M - Mental decline
E - Extremely ill
What are 3 EARLY warning signs/obs for sepsis?
- Temp <36 or >38
- RR >20min
- HR >90min
What are 2 SEVERE warning signs/obs for sepsis?
- SBP <100
- Change in mental state
Which criteria is used to assess trauma patients for risk of cervical spine injury?
NEXUS.
(National Emergency
X-Radiography Utilization Study)
What are the 5 components that make up the NEXUS criteria?
- Midline spinal tenderness
- Evidence of intoxication
- ALOC
- Neurological deficit
- Distracting injury
Explain what is meant by the term “distracting injury” as it pertains to NEXUS.
Generally thought to include severe extremity fractures, degloving injuries and severe burns.
Explain what is meant by the term “neurological deficit”.
Examples of this may include:
- Balance - loss of.
- Altered/Decreased sensation,
- Mental functioning problems ie memory,
- Speech - slurred/slowed or trouble understanding.
Explain the acronym “BEFAST” as is pertains to stroke assessment.
B - Balance. Trouble with balance or coordination.
E - Eyes. New impaired vision? ie blurred or double
F - Face. Is the pt’s face numb or drooping on one side? Ask them to smile.
A - Arms. Numbness or weakness? Ask to lift both and look for deficits.
S - Speech. Is the pt speech difficult to understand. Are they confused? Are they finding it hard to understand you?
Time - When was the pt last seen well?
In the context of NEPT CPP’s, what is a “SAT” score?
What is a SAT score used for?
Sedation Assessment Tool Score.
It should be used as a guide to determine whether transport is able to be facilitated (for a pt experiencing an acute mental health episode.
Explain the SAT (Sedation Assessment Tool) score system.
Patients experiencing an acute mental health episode are given a score between +3 (Combative, out of control) and -3 (No response).
With regard to the SAT (Sedation Assessment Tool) scoring system, what is the low acuity cut off?
And, what must the patients state of “Responsiveness” and “Speech” be?
Zero - low acuity cut off.
Responsiveness = Awake, and calm or cooperative
Speech = Speaks normally
With regard to the SAT scoring system, what is the medium acuity cut off?
Medium acuity crew can transport patients with a SAT score b/w +1 and -1.
Describe the “Responsiveness” and “Speech” that correlates with these SAT scores:
+ 1.
- 1.
+ 1.
Responsiveness =
Anxious or restless.
Speech =
Normal or talkative.
- 1.
Responsiveness =
Asleep but rouses if name is called.
Speech = Slurring or prominent slowing.
Describe the “Responsiveness” and “Speech” that correlates with these SAT scores:
+ 2.
- 2.
+ 2.
Responsiveness =
Very anxious and agitated.
Speech =
Loud outbursts.
- 2.
Responsiveness =
Responds to physical simutlation.
Speech =
Few recognisable words.
NEPT CPP’s PSA
What VS would indicate “Adequate Perfusion”?
Skin: Warm, pink, dry
Pulse: 60-100BPM
SBP: > 100
Conscious state: Alert
Cap refill: Central and distal < 2 seconds
