Stomas/HTN/ACE(i) Flashcards
What is a stoma?
A surgically created opening in the abdominal wall. A section of the bowel is brought to the surface of the abdominal wall and formed into a stoma.
For the purpose of discharging urine or faecal matter. A collection pouch is fitted over the stoma to collect the material coming through elimination site.
Common types of stoma (5)
- Colostomy,
- Illeostomy,
- Urostomy,
- MACE,
- Mitrofanoff.
Reasons for the formation of a stoma
- CA of the bowel, bladder or pelvic organs,
- Congenital abnormalities,
- Diseases such as diverticulitis & Chrohn’s,
- Degenerative changes in the bowel (elderly),
- Trauma to the abdomen,
- Toileting complications due to neurological disorders.
Name some causes of hypotension.
MASH BDIP BDIP
- Meds - Heart condits, dep
- ACS - (because of myocardial ischaemia)
- Stress - Fear, pain
- Hypothyroidism
- Blood loss - trauma
- Diuretics - fluid loss
- Infection - eg sepsis
- Pregnancy
- Blood donation
- Dehydration - reduced blood vol
- Internal bleed - perforated ulcer
- Parkinsons disease
Name some causes of Hypertension (Primary HTN).
ASS SHOE
- Alcohol
- Stress
- Smoking
- Salt
- High cholesterol
- Obesity
- Exercise (sedentary)
Hypertension (Primary HTN) is usually attributed to which 3 factors?
- Lifestyle - Sedentary
- Environment - Diet, stress
- Age - >50 years
Name some causes of Secondary Hypertension.
- Diabetes
- Kidney problems
- Birth control meds
- Thyroid or adrenal gland problems
- Cough meds
- Recreational drugs
What is an “ACE(i)”?
What does an ACE(i) do?
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (inhibitor)
ACE(i) block the body’s production of
angiotensin II.
Name 4 types of ACE(i)
- Captopril
- Perindopril
- Ramipril
- Trandolapril
What is Angiotensin II?
What is one of its roles?
It is a hormone that circulates in the blood.
One of its roles is to constrict blood vessels.
What changes are brought about when an ACE(i) blocks
Angiotensin II?
- Relaxes blood vessels
- Lowers BP
- Increases supply of blood to the heart
