Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

3 features of total anterior circulation stroke (TACS)

A

Hemiplegia involving at least two of face, arm and leg with maybe hemisensory loss
Homonomous hemianopia
Cortical signs (dysphasia, neglect)

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2
Q

What arteries are affected in TACS?

A

Anterior and middle cerebral arteries

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3
Q

Features of partial anterior circulation stroke and how many features you need for it?

A

2 of 3 of Hemiplegia involving at least two of face, arm and leg with maybe hemisensory loss
Homonomous hemianopia
Cortical signs (dysphasia, neglect)

OR

Isolated cortical dysfunction e.g. dysphasia

OR

Pure motor/sensory signs less severe than in lacunar stroke

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4
Q

Where do lacunar infarcts commonly occur?

A

Deeper parts of the brain (basal ganglia, thalamus, white matter) and brain stem

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5
Q

What are the features of lacunar stroke?

A
Purely hemiplegia or sensory problems in any two of face, arm and leg.
OR
Sensorimotor stroke
OR
Ataxic hemiparesis

No impact on higher cortical functions.

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6
Q

Signs and symptoms of posterior circulation stroke (POCS) - there’s a lot

A
Cranial nerve palsies
Bilateral motor and/or sensory deficits
Conjugate eye movement disorders
Isolated homonymous hemianopia
Cortical blindness
Cerebellar deficits without ipsilateral motor/sensory signs
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7
Q

What do dominant and non-dominant hemisphere strokes affect?

A

Dominant - language

Non-dominant - spatial awareness e.g. neglect

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8
Q

What is leukoaraiosis (occurs in white matter disease)?

A

Generally patchy shadowing around the ventricles on CT

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9
Q

Where does arterial dissection occur to cause stroke and what is the management?

A

Vertebral or carotid arteries

Antiplatelets and anticoagulation

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10
Q

For primary intra-cranial haemorrhage, what causes lobar and what causes deep haemorrhage?

A

Lobar - amyloid angiopathy.

Deep - blood pressure

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11
Q

What is the ABCDD of medical stroke prevention?

A
Antithrombotic therapy (antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant)
Blood pressure 
Cholesterol
Diabetes
Don't smoke

Basically same as cardiovascular risks.

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12
Q

For antihypertensive use in stroke, do they need to be hypertensive to give them antihypertensives?

A

No they benefit normotensive patients as well.

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13
Q

What is the main complication of carotid endarterectomy?

A

Stroke

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