Neuro Conditions Symptoms Flashcards
Parkinson’s disease motor symptoms
Tremor
Bradykinesia
Rigidity
Postural instability
Parkinson’s disease non-motor symptoms
Sleep disorders Hallucinations GI dysfunction Depression Cognitive impairment/dementia Anosmia
2 sub-types of PD based on motor symptoms
Tremor dominant (slower rate of progression) Non-tremor dominant (e.g. akinetic rigid syndrome or postural instability gait disorder)
MS Clinical Features
Pyramidal dysfunction (UMN symptoms) Optic neuritis Sensory symptoms Lower urinary tract dysfunction Cerebellar and brain-stem features Cognitive impairment
Guillain-Barre syndrome presentation
Progressive paraplegia over days to 4 weeks
Sensory symptoms before weakness (esp pain)
Peak 10-14 days into illness
Can also cause autonomic neuropathy
Hereditary motor sensory neuropathy type 1 presentation
Thin distal musculature (reverse champagne bottle)
Pes planus/cavus
Deforming arthropathy
Progressive disease
Myotonic dystrophy presentation
Autosomal dominant (trinucleotide repeat) Myotonia (delayed relaxation) Weakness Cataracts Ptosis Frontal balding Cardiac defects
Presentation of extradural haematoma
Injury with LOC
Recovery with lucid interval
Rapid progression of neurological symtpoms
Chronic regional pain syndrome presentation
Allodynia Hyperalgesia Swelling Blue, white, red Hair and nail changes Osteopenia
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presentation
Rapid onset dementia
Neurological signs
Myoclonus
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presentation (mad cow disease/bovine spongiform encephalopathy)
Painful sensory disturbance and neuropsychiatric decline
Change in CJD on biopsy
Spongiform change
Motor neurone disease presentation
Muscle weakness and potential problems with speech, swallow and breathing UMN and LMN signs No sensory involvement Focal involvement which then spreads Cognitive impairment Incidence peaks from 50-75
Where does MND most commonly affect first and is it mostly lower or mostly upper motor neurone problems?
The extremities
Lower motor neurone
In the hand, what is the typical pattern of atrophy seen in ALS?
Preferential wasting of the thenar eminence
