Gynae Cancer Pathology Info Flashcards
What is the commonly seen mutation in serous and clear cell endometrial carcinoma (type 2)?
TP53
What are the common mutations in endometrioid and mucinous endometrial cancer (type 1)?
PTEN
KRAS
PIK3CA
What type of gynae cancers is assoc with lynch syndrome/HNPCC?
Endometrioid carcinoma mainly
Also increased risk of ovarian and breast
What is the defect in lynch syndrome and what investigation looks for this?
Mutation of mismatch repair genes
Microsatellite instability
Out of type 1 and 2 endometrial carcinoma, which is more aggressive?
Type 2
Name the 6 types of epithelial ovarian tumour
Serous Mucinous Endometrioid Clear cell Brenner Undifferentiated carcinoma
What are the different precursors for high and low grade serous ovarian carcinoma?
High grade (commonest) - serous tubal intraepithelial neoplasia Low grade - serous borderline tumour
What 2 conditions are related to endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary?
Endometriosis
Lynch syndrome
Are endometrioid carcinomas of the uterus and ovary the same type of cancer?
Yes
What type of epithelium is in a brenner tumour?
Transitional epithelium
Are brenner tumours generally benign or malignant?
Benign mostly
What tumour of the ovary is equivalent to a seminoma of the testis?
Dysgerminoma
What are the 3 sex cord/stromal tumours of the ovary?
Fibroma/thecoma
Granulosa cell tumour
Sertoli-leydig cell tumours
What hormones can each of the 3 sex cord/stromal tumours produce?
Fibroma/thecoma - oestrogen
Granulosa cell tumour - oestrogen
Sertoli-leydig - androgens (duh)
Which of fibroma/thecoma and granulosa cell tumour are malignant?
Fibroma - benign
Granulosa - generally malignant
What are the commonest cancers to spread to the ovaries?
Stomach
Colon
Breast
Pancreas
What is the precursor lesion of cervical adenocarcinoma?
Cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia (CGIN)
Is cervical adenocarcinoma associated with HPV?
Yes
CIN and cervical cancer risk factors
Persistent high risk HPV infection
Multiple sexual partners
Smoking
Immunocompromise
Who tends to get vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia?
Young and older women
Older at greater risk of malignant progression
Describe vulvar pagets disease
Crusting rash
Mucin containing cells in epidermis
Mostly no underlying cancer
What is a Kruckenberg tumour?
Metastatic tumour from stomach to ovary
Signet ring histology
