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Year 3 Revision > Repro Presentations > Flashcards

Repro Presentations Flashcards

1
Q

Androgen insensitivity syndrome clinical presentation and reproductive organ abnormalities

A

Present at puberty with primary amenorrhoea and lack of pubic hair

Testis develop but don’t descend
Female external genitalia
Absence of uterus and ovaries and short vagina

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2
Q

Features of obstructive male infertility

A

Normal testicular volume
Normal secondary sexual characteristics
Vas deferens may be absent
Normal LH, FSH and testosterone

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3
Q

Features of non-obstructive male infertility

A

Low testicular volume
Reduced secondary sexual characteristics
Vas deferens present
High LH, FSH and maybe low testosterone

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4
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease presentation

A

Post-coital or intermenstrual bleeding
Lower abdominal pain
Dyspareunia
Mucopurulent cervicitis

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5
Q

Presentation of mycoplasma genitalium infection

A

Non-gonococcal urethritis

PID

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6
Q

Presentation of gonorrhoea in females

A 
Asymptomatic (up to 50%)
Increased/altered discharge
Dysuria
Pelvic pain (<5%)
Pharyngeal and rectal usually asymptomatic
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7
Q

Presentation of primary HIV and how long after infection symptoms occur?

A 
Fever
Rash (maculopapular)
Myalgia
Pharyngitis
Headache/aseptic meningitis

2-4 weeks after infection

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8
Q

What causes cervical shock and what are the presenting symptoms?

A 
Vaso-vagal effect of POC passing through cervix causes reflex bradycardia
Symptoms:
Cramps
N&amp;V
Sweating
Fainting
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9
Q

Ectopic pregnancy presentation.

A 
Pain more than bleeding
Dizziness
Collapse
SOB
Shoulder tip pain
Pallor
Haemodynamic instability
Peritonism
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10
Q

Molar pregnancy presentation

A

Hyperemesis
Bleeding and passage of grape like tissue
Fundus is larger than dates
Ocassionally shortness of breath (molar tissue can embolise)

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11
Q

Implantation bleeding presentation

A 
Around 10 days post-ovulation
Bleeding is light/brownish and limited
Soon signs of pregnancy emerge
Occ mistaken for period
Usually settles and pregnancy continues
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12
Q

Presentation of chorionic haematoma

A

Bleeding
Cramping
Threatened miscarriage
Usually self limiting and resolves

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13
Q

Large for dates definition

A

Symphyseal-fundal height >2cm for gestational age

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14
Q

Clinical features of polyhydramnios

A 
Abdo discomfort
Pre-labour rupture of membranes
Preterm labour
Cord prolapse
Large for dates
Malpresentation
Tense shiny abdomen
Inability to feel foetal parts
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15
Q

Symptoms and signs of multiple pregnancy

A

Exaggerated pregnancy symptoms (excessive sickness, hyperemesis gravidarum)
High AFP
Large for dates uterus
Multiple foetal poles

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16
Q

Presentation of poor foetal growth

A

Predisposing factors
Fundal height less than expected
Reduced liquor
Reduced foetal movements

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17
Q

Clinical features of anti-phospholipid syndrome in pregnancy

A 
Arterial/venous thrombosis
Recurrent early pregnancy loss
Late pregnancy loss
Placental abruption
Severe early onset pre-eclampsia (PET)
Severe early onset foetal growth restriction (FGR)
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18
Q

Presentation of HELLP syndrome (assoc with pre-eclampsia)

A

Haemolysis
Elevated Liver enzymes
Low Platelet count

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19
Q

Symptoms of pre-eclampsia

A 
Headache
Visual disturbance
Epigastric/RUQ pain
N&amp;V
Rapidly progressing oedema
20
Q

Signs of pre-eclampsia

A 
Hypertension
Proteinuria
Oedema
Abdo tenderness
Disorientation
Small for gestational age (SGA) foetus
Intra-uterine death
Hyper-reflexia/involuntary movements/clonus
21
Q

Presentation of crises in pre-eclampsia.

A 
Eclampsia (seizures)
HELLP syndrome
Pulmonary oedema
Placental abruption
Cerebral haemorrhage
Cortical blindness
DIC
Acute renal failure
Hepatic rupture
22
Q

Baby blues presentation and disease course

A 
Tearful
Irritable
Anxiety
Poor sleep
Confusion

Days 3-10 and is self-limiting

23
Q

Puerperal psychosis risk factors

A

Bipolar
Previous puerperal psychosis
1st degree relative with history

24
Q

Puerperal psychosis typical time of onset

A

Within 2 weeks of delivery

25
Q

Puerperal psychosis early symptoms

A

Sleep disturbance
Confusion
Irrational ideas

26
Q

Puerperal psychosis later symptoms

A

Mania
Delusions
Hallucinations
Confusion

27
Q

Postnatal depression time of onset and how long does it last?

A

2-6 weeks post natally

Lasts weeks to months

28
Q

What is an antepartum haemorrhage?

A

Bleeding from the genital tract from 24+0 weeks gestation

29
Q

Placental abruption symptoms

A

Severe continous abdo pain
Bleeding (may be concealed)
Preterm labour
Maybe maternal collapse

30
Q

Placental abruption signs

A 
Signs inconsistent with revealed blood
Uterine tenderness
Woody hard uterus
Foetal parts difficult to identify
May be preterm labour
Foetal bradycardia/intrauteruine death
CTG shows irritable uterus
31
Q

Placenta praevia symptoms

A

Painless bleeding >24 weeks;
Usually unprovoked but coitus can trigger bleeding
Bleeding can be minor eg spotting/ severe
Fetal movements usually present

32
Q

Placenta praevia signs

A 
Condition proportional to amount of bleeding
Uterus soft and non-tender
Presenting part high
Malpresentation
CTG usually normal
33
Q

Uterine rupture symptoms

A

Severe abdominal pain
Shoulder-tip pain
Maternal collapse
PV bleeding

34
Q

Uterine rupture signs

A 
Intra-partum - loss of contractions 
Acute abdomen
PP rises
Loss of uterine contractions
Peritonism
 Fetal distress / IUD
35
Q

When will vasa praevia present and what will be the signs?

A

Presents at amniotomy (artificial rupture of membranes)
Sudden dark red bleeding
Foetal bradycardia and death

36
Q

Amniotic fluid embolus presentation

A

Profound foetal distress
Sudden respiratory distress
Seizure
DIC

37
Q

Cystocele presentation.

A 
Dragging sensation
Discomfort
Feeling of a lump coming down
Dyspareunia
Backache
Urinary urgency and frequency
Incomplete bladder emptying
Urinary retention if urethra is kinked
38
Q

Rectocele presentation

A 
Dragging sensation
Discomfort
Feeling of a lump coming down
Dyspareunia
Backache
Constipation
Difficulty with defaecation
39
Q

Menopause presentation

A

Menstrual irregularities (irregularity then stopping)
Vasomotor disturbances (sweats, palpitations, flushes)
Vaginal and breast atrophy (can cause vaginal and urinary infection, dyspareunia, traumatic bleeding, stress incontinence, prolapse)
Osteoporosis
Insomnia
Joint aches
Headaches

40
Q

Endometriosis presentation

A

Severe dysmenorrhoea and premenstrual pain
Dyspareunia
Subfertility

41
Q

Ovarian cancer presentation

A 
May be mass, swelling, 
Malignant ascites with protein exudate
Heartburn/indigestion
Early satiety
Weight loss/anorexia
Bloating
Pressure symptoms esp bladder
Change of bowel habit
SOB/pleural effusion
Leg oedema/DVT
42
Q

Fibrocystic change presentation

A 
Smooth discrete lumps
Sudden pain
Cyclical pain
Lumpiness
Incidental finding
43
Q

Fibroadenoma presentation

A

3rd decade peak incidence
Painless, firm, discrete mobile mass
Solid on ultrasound

44
Q

Duct ectasia presentation

A 
Pain
Acute episodic inflammatory changes
Bloody or purulent discharge
Fistulation
Nipple retraction and distortion
45
Q

Phyllodes tumour presentation

A

40-50 years old

Slow growing unilateral breast mass

46
Q

Breast cancer symptoms

A 
Dimpled/depressed skin
Visible lump
Nipple change e.g. inversion
Bloody discharge
Texture change
Colour change

Year 3 Revision (70 decks)

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