Strip Shopping Centers Flashcards
This term refers to a small 1- or 2-story building constructed to cover the
annual property tax assessed for owning a parcel of land.
Taxpayer
The term strip shopping center refers to commercial occupancies that are
joined by party walls or firewalls,
covered by a common roof,
occupied by a variety of businesses, and
accessed by individual exterior entrances on the first floor
The ________ is located above the ceiling and below the roof deck
Cockloft
These roofs are also called “___ _____” because they cover existing roofs. In these cases, the original roof was not designed to carry the new roof’s extra weight, making it more vulnerable to _____ ________.
Rain roofs, early collapse
The following types of walls occur in strip shopping centers:
Load-bearing walls. These walls hold the structure’s weight and all forces applied.
Non-load-bearing walls. These walls hold only their own weight (e.g., veneer, curtain,
partition).
Firewalls. Firewalls prevent or slow the horizontal progression of fire from occupancies
spanning from the floor through the roof structure.
Veneer. Veneer is a single thickness of a masonry material (e.g., stone, brick, or block)
added to the structure for aesthetic purposes.
Party. Party refers to a wall separating occupancies that extends beyond the ceiling but
not to the roofline.
Partition. A partition divides an area within an occupancy without extending above the
ceiling.
Access to basement areas typically opens to the interior. When present, exterior basement entrances typically open
at the rear of the store
________ ____ present another type of security used by major electronics retail stores and other retailers in high-crime areas. The bars fit into brackets positioned on the door frame and the door.
When in place, the bars secure the door to the door frame, making it much
more difficult and time-consuming to gain access from the exterior.
Maverick Bars
_____, ______, and _______ _____ all indicate possible wall collapse.
Bulges, cracks, and seeping smoke
Large fires can compromise the roof structures and damage the unprotected steel, destroying the building’s integrity. At _______ , steel twists and expands, causing failure or pushing out the exterior walls.
1,000 degrees
Warning signs of imminent collapse include the following:
fire burning for more than 20 min in ordinary construction or 10 min in lightweight
truss construction,
smoke or water coming through mortar joints in walls,
walls that sag or bulge,
new cracks showing in exterior walls,
heavy floor or roof loads under fire conditions, and
spongy roof surface due to fire below.
The first-arriving unit officer, typically that of the first due engine company, should provide the first due command-level officer the following information in the on-scene report:
unit identification and side of structure where the apparatus is positioned;
building height (i.e., number of stories above ground);
occupancy type; and
a detailed report of evident conditions, including a description, the side of the structure,
and quadrant
During the size-up, unit officers should assess…
the location and extent of smoke and fire as well
as rescues, access points, number of floors, utilities, and exposures.
When personnel confront well-advanced fires in strip shopping centers, they should consider …
using large-caliber handlines and smooth-bore nozzles
When personnel encounter large-volume fires in strip shopping center occupancies,
they should consider utilizing….
aerial master streams.
When ICs utilize aerial master streams, the most advantageous position is …
often at sidewalk level in front of the fire unit, with the hose stream directed toward the occupancy ceiling
Inspection holes help crews assess fire extension. Kerf cuts are not recommended because…
the tar melted by the saw can reseal the cut and make it difficult to evaluate the conditions below the roof.
When high heat and smoke exist at the floor level, firefighters should suspect a…?
basement fire.
If the basement entrance is located in the structure’s rear, personnel should advance the handline from…?
the engine company in the rear.
In older buildings with taxpayers above the stores, the basement entrance is usually found in…?
the structure’s rear, directly below the stairway leading to upper floors.
The first due engine company’s responsibilities are as follows:
View as much of the structure as possible during approach.
Communicate primary water supply report to the second due engine.
Position to allow for rapid hoseline advancement while maintaining priority positioning
for truck companies.
Communicate an on-scene report to the first due command-level officer.
Deploy initial hoseline and begin fire suppression operations in coordination with
Command.
The second due engine company’s responsibilities are as follows:
Establish primary water supply to the first due engine.
Identify and supply the building’s FDC, if present. If multiple FDCs exist, charge all
connections.
Assist the first engine with initial hoseline, if needed.
Prepare to deploy a second hoseline. This hoseline can be advanced into the fire unit as a second hoseline or directed to an exposure unit, depending on fire conditions.
Third Due Engine
Establish side-Charlie water supply, and coordinate with the fourth due engine, if needed.
Position at the rear of the structure, if possible.
Report to Command via radio:
o evident conditions on side Charlie;
o the location, volume, and characteristics of any fire or smoke;
o the presence of any persons in distress; and
o the presence of a side-Charlie FDC.
Supply the side-Charlie FDC.
Deploy a side-Charlie hoseline.
Coordinate suppression operations and hoseline advancement through rear entrances to
the involved unit or into exposures with units operating on side Alpha.
Support rescue and truck company operations as needed.
Provide a roof-top hoseline as needed.
The first due truck company’s responsibilities are as follows:
Position in front of the involved stores to maximize aerial’s scrub area for
roof access and master stream deployment.
Ground ladder deployment on side Alpha.
Gain access or force entry to the involved unit and exposure units on side Alpha.
Assist with advancing large-caliber hoseline, if needed.
Search for victims prioritized by incident dynamics on side Alpha.
Locate the fire, if needed.
Control utilities.
Perform ventilation operations.
Establish scene lighting on side Alpha.
The second due truck company’s responsibilities are as follows:
Position in the rear to maximize aerial’s scrub area for roof access and master stream
deployment.
Ground ladder deployment on side Charlie with the primary goal of accessing the roof.
Light the roof and rear area early.
Provide roof conditions report to Command communicating:
o location and characteristics of any fire or smoke,
o roof status (i.e., intact, sagging, or failed),
o roof loading (i.e., heating, ventilation, and air conditioning),
o roof construction hazards (e.g., parapets, changes in rooflines, false fronts, firewalls),
o thermal imaging heat signatures,
o firewall locations, and
o exposure concerns.
Establish a roof-top hoseline as needed.
The rescue company’s responsibilities are as follows:
Position in the rear, allowing access for the second due truck company.
Gain access or force entry to the involved unit and exposure units on side Charlie.
Assist with advancing large-caliber hoseline, if needed.
Search for victims prioritized by incident dynamics on side Charlie.
Locate the fire, if needed.
Control utilities.
Perform ventilation operations.
When a Mayday has occurred or people have been reported trapped or injured, EMS personnel should…?
leave their PPE and SCBA on the unit and rapidly report to the incident scene with their EMS equipment.
The ability __ ______ _ _____ __ ___ ________ ____ __ _ ________ is considered a secondary egress.
to access a haven on the opposite side of a firewall
Personnel assigned to search operations should anticipate the possibility of __________ _________ ___ ______ _______ . If present, unit officers assigned to search operations should…?
encountering basements and second stories, incorporate these areas in the search.
When ventilating a flat built-up roof, members should remove the roofing material in an area wider than the desired hole size. By clearing roofing material in a ___ __ ____ area, personnel allow enough space to identify structural components and create a ____ __ ____ventilation opening.
5 ft by 5 ft, 4 ft by 4ft
Restaurant hood systems pose several unique problems related to fire extension. When the fire has entered a restaurant hood or duct system, personnel should take the following actions:
Check for extension above the drop-ceiling.
Remove power from the grease pit.
Move the grease pit away from the area.
Activate the hood system dry chemical extinguisher.
If the CO2 or ABC dry chemical extinguishers fail to extinguish the fire, personnel should consider ________ _ _____ ______ ________ ____ ___ ____ ____ ___ ____ after removing the vent.
applying a hose stream directly into the duct from the roof
provides pathways for heating and air conditioning system
return airflow, facilitating a building’s air circulation. The space between the structural
ceiling and the drop-ceiling or under a raised floor typically qualifies as ?
plenum.
These roofs are also called “rain roofs” because they cover existing roofs. In these cases, the original roof was not designed to carry the new roof’s extra weight, making it more vulnerable to ?
early collapse
The stability of walls in ____ __ construction depends upon the roof assembly tying the building together; should the roof assembly collapse into the structure, the walls are expected to fall ..?
tilt-up, outward.
Large fires can compromise the roof structures and damage the unprotected steel, destroying the building’s integrity. At _______ , steel twists and expands, causing failure or pushing out the
exterior walls
1,000 °F
In older buildings with taxpayers above the stores, the basement entrance is usually found in the structure’s rear, directly below the ?
stairway leading to upper floors
