Stress/Coping

Question 1

psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 1

the study of the effects of psychological factors such as stress, emotions, thoughts, and behavior on the immune system

Question 2

stress

Answer 2

the term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are appraised as threatening or challenging

Question 3

stressors

Answer 3

events that cause a stress reaction

Question 4

distress

Answer 4

the effect of unpleasant and undesirable stressors

Question 5

eustress

Answer 5

the effect of positive events, or the optimal amount of stress that people need to promote health and well-being

Question 6

catastrophe

Answer 6

an unpredictable, large-scale event that creates a tremendous need to adapt and adjust as well as overwhelming feelings of threat

Question 7

Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)

Answer 7

assessment that measures the amount of stress in a person’s life over a one-year period resulting from major life events

Question 8

College Undergraduate Stress Scale (CUSS)

Answer 8

assessment that measures the amount of stress in a college student’s life over a one-year period resulting from major life events

Question 9

hassles

Answer 9

the daily annoyances of everyday life

Question 10

pressure

Answer 10

the psychological experience produced by urgent demands or expectations for a person’s behavior that come from an outside source

Question 11

frustration

Answer 11

the psychological experience produced by the blocking of a desired goal or fulfillment of a perceived need

Question 12

aggression

Answer 12

actions meant to harm or destroy

Question 13

displaced aggression

Answer 13

taking out one’s frustrations on some less threatening or more available target, a form of displacement

Question 14

displacement

Answer 14

psychological defense mechanism in which emotional reactions and behavioral responses are shifted to targets that are more available or less threatening than the original target

Question 15

escape or withdrawal

Answer 15

leaving the presence of a stressor, either literally or by a psychological withdrawal into fantasy, drug abuse, or apathy

Question 16

conflict

Answer 16

the psychological distress occurring when a person has to choose between different and incompatible or opposing goals

Question 17

approach-approach conflict

Answer 17

conflict occurring when a person must choose between two desirable goals

Question 18

avoidance-avoidance conflict

Answer 18

conflict occurring when a person must choose between two undesirable goals

Question 19

approach-avoidance conflict

Answer 19

conflict occurring when a person must choose or not choose a goal that has both positive and negative aspects

Question 20

coping strategies

Answer 20

actions that people can take to master, tolerate, reduce, or minimize the effects of stressors

Question 21

problem-focused coping

Answer 21

coping strategies that try to eliminate the source of a stressor or reduce its impact through direct actions

Question 22

emotion-focused coping

Answer 22

coping strategies that change the impact of a stressor by changing the emotional reaction to the stressor

Question 23

meditation

Answer 23

mental series of exercises meant to refocus attention and achieve a trancelike state of consciousness

Question 24

concentrative meditation

Answer 24

form of meditation in which a person focuses the mind on some repetitive or unchanging stimulus so that the mind can be cleared of disturbing thoughts and the body can experience relaxation

Question 25

what are the three main types of stressors?

Answer 25

catastrophe, major life change, and hassles (daily annoyances)