Freud & Psychodynamic View

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

the unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel, and behave

Question 2

character

Answer 2

value judgments of a person’s moral and ethical behavior

Question 3

temperament

Answer 3

the enduring characteristics with which each person is born

Question 4

unconscious mind

Answer 4

level of the mind in which thoughts, feelings, memories, and other information are kept that are not easily or voluntarily brought into consciousness

Question 5

id

Answer 5

part of the personality present at birth and completely unconscious

Question 6

pleasure principle

Answer 6

principle by which the id functions; the immediate satisfaction of needs without regard for the consequences

Question 7

ego

Answer 7

part of the personality that develops out of a need to deal with reality, mostly conscious, rational, and logical

Question 8

reality principle

Answer 8

principle by which the ego functions; the satisfaction of the demands of the id only when negative consequences will not result

Question 9

superego

Answer 9

part of the personality that acts as a moral center

Question 10

conscience

Answer 10

part of the superego that produces guilt, depending on how acceptable behavior is

Question 11

psychological defense mechanisms

Answer 11

unconscious distortions of a person’s perception of reality that reduce stress and anxiety

Question 12

denial

Answer 12

psychological defense mechanism in which the person refuses to acknowledge or recognize a threatening situation

Question 13

repression

Answer 13

psychological defense mechanism in which the person refuses to consciously remember a threatening or unacceptable event, instead pushing those events into the unconscious mind

Question 14

rationalization

Answer 14

psychological defense mechanism in which a person invents acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior

Question 15

projection

Answer 15

psychological defense mechanism in which unacceptable or threatening impulses or feelings are seen as originating with someone else, usually the target of the impulses or feeling

Question 16

reaction formation

Answer 16

psychological defense mechanism in which a person forms an opposite emotional or behavioral reaction to the way he or she really feels to keep those true feelings hidden from self and others

Question 17

displacement

Answer 17

redirecting feelings from a threatening target to a less threatening one

Question 18

regression

Answer 18

psychological defense mechanism in which a person falls back on childlike patterns of responding in reaction to stressful situations

Question 19

indentification

Answer 19

defense mechanism in which a person tries to become like someone else to deal with anxiety

Question 20

compensation (substitution)

Answer 20

defense mechanism in which a person makes up for inferiorities in one area by becoming superior in another area

Question 21

sublimation

Answer 21

channeling socially unacceptable impulses and urges into socially acceptable behavior

Question 22

fixation

Answer 22

disorder in which the person does not fully resolve the conflict in a particular psychosexual stage, resulting in personality traits and behavior associated with that earlier stage

Question 23

psychosexual stages

Answer 23

five stages of personality development proposed by Freud and tied to the sexual development of the child

Question 24

oral stage

Answer 24

first stage occurring in the first year of life in which the mouth is the erogenous zone and weaning is the primary conflict

Question 25

anal stage

Answer 25

second stage occurring from about 1 to 3 years of age, in which the anus is the erogenous zone and toilet training is the source of conflict

Question 26

phallic stage

Answer 26

third stage occurring from about 3 to 6 years of age, in which the child discovers sexual feelings

Question 27

Oedipus complex/Electra complex

Answer 27

situation occurring in the phallic stage in which a child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent and jealousy of the same-sex parent

Question 28

latency

Answer 28

fourth stage occurring during the school years in which the sexual feelings of the child are repressed while the child develops in other ways

Question 29

psychoanalysis

Answer 29

Freud’s term for both the theory of personality and the therapy based on it

Question 30

neo-Freudians

Answer 30

followers of Freud who developed their own competing psychodynamic theories

Question 31

personal unconscious

Answer 31

Jung’s name for the memories shared by all members of the human species

Question 32

collective unconscious

Answer 32

Jung’s name for the memories shared by all members of the human species

Question 33

archetypes

Answer 33

Jung’s collective, universal human memories

Question 34

basic anxiety

Answer 34

anxiety created when a child is born into the bigger and more powerful world of older children and adults

Question 35

neurotic personalities

Answer 35

personalities typified by maladaptive ways of dealing with relationships in Horney’s theory

Question 36

psychoanalysis

Answer 36

an insight therapy based on the theory of Freud, emphasizing the revealing of unconscious conflicts

Question 37

manifest content

Answer 37

the actual content of one’s dream

Question 38

latent content

Answer 38

the symbolic or hidden meaning of dreams

Question 39

free association

Answer 39

psychoanalytic technique in which a patient was encouraged to talk about anything that came to mind without fear of negative evaluations

Question 40

resistance

Answer 40

occurring when a patient becomes reluctant to talk about a certain topic, by either changing the subject or becoming silent

Question 41

transference

Answer 41

in psychoanalysis, the tendency for a patient or client to project positive or negative feelings for important people from the past onto the therapist

Question 42

directive

Answer 42

therapy in which the therapist actively gives interpretations of a client’s statements and may suggest certain behavior or actions

Question 43

psychodynamic therapy

Answer 43

a newer and more general term for therapies based on psychoanalysis, with an emphasis on transference, shorter treatment times, and a more direct therapeutic approach

Question 44

interpersonal therapy (IPT)

Answer 44

form of therapy for depression which incorporates multiple approaches and focuses on interpersonal problems

Question 45

eclectic

Answer 45

approach to therapy that results from combining elements of several different approaches or techniques