Freud & Psychodynamic View Flashcards
personality
the unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel, and behave
character
value judgments of a person’s moral and ethical behavior
temperament
the enduring characteristics with which each person is born
unconscious mind
level of the mind in which thoughts, feelings, memories, and other information are kept that are not easily or voluntarily brought into consciousness
id
part of the personality present at birth and completely unconscious
pleasure principle
principle by which the id functions; the immediate satisfaction of needs without regard for the consequences
ego
part of the personality that develops out of a need to deal with reality, mostly conscious, rational, and logical
reality principle
principle by which the ego functions; the satisfaction of the demands of the id only when negative consequences will not result
superego
part of the personality that acts as a moral center
conscience
part of the superego that produces guilt, depending on how acceptable behavior is
psychological defense mechanisms
unconscious distortions of a person’s perception of reality that reduce stress and anxiety
denial
psychological defense mechanism in which the person refuses to acknowledge or recognize a threatening situation
repression
psychological defense mechanism in which the person refuses to consciously remember a threatening or unacceptable event, instead pushing those events into the unconscious mind
rationalization
psychological defense mechanism in which a person invents acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior
projection
psychological defense mechanism in which unacceptable or threatening impulses or feelings are seen as originating with someone else, usually the target of the impulses or feeling
reaction formation
psychological defense mechanism in which a person forms an opposite emotional or behavioral reaction to the way he or she really feels to keep those true feelings hidden from self and others
displacement
redirecting feelings from a threatening target to a less threatening one
regression
psychological defense mechanism in which a person falls back on childlike patterns of responding in reaction to stressful situations
indentification
defense mechanism in which a person tries to become like someone else to deal with anxiety
compensation (substitution)
defense mechanism in which a person makes up for inferiorities in one area by becoming superior in another area
sublimation
channeling socially unacceptable impulses and urges into socially acceptable behavior
fixation
disorder in which the person does not fully resolve the conflict in a particular psychosexual stage, resulting in personality traits and behavior associated with that earlier stage
psychosexual stages
five stages of personality development proposed by Freud and tied to the sexual development of the child
oral stage
first stage occurring in the first year of life in which the mouth is the erogenous zone and weaning is the primary conflict
anal stage
second stage occurring from about 1 to 3 years of age, in which the anus is the erogenous zone and toilet training is the source of conflict
phallic stage
third stage occurring from about 3 to 6 years of age, in which the child discovers sexual feelings
Oedipus complex/Electra complex
situation occurring in the phallic stage in which a child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent and jealousy of the same-sex parent
latency
fourth stage occurring during the school years in which the sexual feelings of the child are repressed while the child develops in other ways
psychoanalysis
Freud’s term for both the theory of personality and the therapy based on it
neo-Freudians
followers of Freud who developed their own competing psychodynamic theories
personal unconscious
Jung’s name for the memories shared by all members of the human species
collective unconscious
Jung’s name for the memories shared by all members of the human species
archetypes
Jung’s collective, universal human memories
basic anxiety
anxiety created when a child is born into the bigger and more powerful world of older children and adults
neurotic personalities
personalities typified by maladaptive ways of dealing with relationships in Horney’s theory
psychoanalysis
an insight therapy based on the theory of Freud, emphasizing the revealing of unconscious conflicts
manifest content
the actual content of one’s dream
latent content
the symbolic or hidden meaning of dreams
free association
psychoanalytic technique in which a patient was encouraged to talk about anything that came to mind without fear of negative evaluations
resistance
occurring when a patient becomes reluctant to talk about a certain topic, by either changing the subject or becoming silent
transference
in psychoanalysis, the tendency for a patient or client to project positive or negative feelings for important people from the past onto the therapist
directive
therapy in which the therapist actively gives interpretations of a client’s statements and may suggest certain behavior or actions
psychodynamic therapy
a newer and more general term for therapies based on psychoanalysis, with an emphasis on transference, shorter treatment times, and a more direct therapeutic approach
interpersonal therapy (IPT)
form of therapy for depression which incorporates multiple approaches and focuses on interpersonal problems
eclectic
approach to therapy that results from combining elements of several different approaches or techniques
