History & Perspectives

Question 1

psychology

Answer 1

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Question 2

objective introspection

Answer 2

the process of examining and measuring one’s own thoughts and mental activities

Question 3

structuralism

Answer 3

early perspective in psychology associated with Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Tichener, in which the focus of study is the structure or basic elements of the mind

Question 4

functionalism

Answer 4

early perspective in psychology associated with William James, in which the focus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play

Question 5

Gestalt psychology

Answer 5

early perspective in psychology focusing on perception and sensation, particularly the perception of patterns and whole figures

Question 6

psychoanalysis

Answer 6

the theory and therapy based of the work of Sigmund Freud

Question 7

behaviorism

Answer 7

the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only

Question 8

psychodynamic perspective

Answer 8

modern version of psychoanalysis that is more focused on the development of a sense of self and the discovery of other motivations behind a person’s behavior than sexual motivations

Question 9

cognitive perspective

Answer 9

modern perspective that focuses on memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving, and learning

Question 10

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 10

study of the physical changes in the brain and nervous system during thinking

Question 11

sociocultural perspective

Answer 11

perspective that focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture

Question 12

biopsychological perspective

Answer 12

perspective that attributes human and animal behavior to biological event occurring in the body, such as genetic influences, hormones, and the activity of the nervous system

Question 13

evolutionary perspective

Answer 13

perspective that focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics that all humans share

Question 14

psychologist

Answer 14

a professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology

Question 15

psychiatrist

Answer 15

a medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders

Question 16

psychiatric social worker

Answer 16

a social worker with some training in therapy methods who focuses on the environmental conditions that can have an impact on mental disorders, such as poverty, overcrowding, stress, and drug abuse