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Introduction to Psychology > Stress and Mental Health > Flashcards

Stress and Mental Health Flashcards

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1
Q

A person’s response to events that are threatening or challenging.

A

Stress

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2
Q

3 Types of Stressors

A
  1. Cataclysmic Events
  2. Personal Events
  3. Background Stressors (Daily Hassles)
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3
Q

These are strong stressors that occur suddenly and typically many people at once.

A

Cataclysmic Events

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4
Q

Major life events that have immediate negative consequences that generally fade with time.

A

Personal Events

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5
Q

Everyday annoyance that cause minor irritations and may have long-term ill effects if they continue or are compounded by other stressful events.

A

Background Stressors (Daily Hassle)

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6
Q

A phenomenon in which victims of major catastrophes or strong personal stressors feel long-lasting effects that may include re-experiencing the event in vivid flashbacks or dreams.

A

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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7
Q

3 Types of Consequences from Stress

A
  1. Direct Physiological Effect
  2. Harmful Behaviors
  3. Indirect-Health Related Behaviors
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8
Q

It studies the relationship between the CNS, immune system, and endocrine system.

A

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

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9
Q

The primary stress hormone that raises blood pressure and suppresses bodily processes.

A

Cortisol

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10
Q

6 Common Psychophysiological Illnesses

A
  1. Insomnia
  2. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
  3. Peptic Ulcers
  4. Migraine
  5. Tension Headaches
  6. Hypertension
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11
Q

The efforts to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress.

A

Coping

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12
Q

2 Main Categories of Coping

A
  1. Emotion-focused Coping
  2. Problem-focused Coping
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13
Q

It is where people try to manage their emotions in the face of stress by seeking to change the way they feel about or perceive a problem.

A

Emotion-focused Coping

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14
Q

2 Examples of Emotion-focused Coping

A
  1. Self-Care
  2. Engage in a Hobby or Activity
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15
Q

It attempts to modify the stressful problem or source of stress.

A

Problem-focused COping

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16
Q

2 Examples of Problem-focused Coping

A
  1. Time Management
  2. Ask for Support
  3. Create to-do list
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17
Q

These are events that produce threats to our well-being.

A

Stressors

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18
Q

The minor positive events that make us feel good, even if only temporarily.

A

Uplifts

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19
Q

Medical problems influenced by an interaction of psyhological, emotional, and physical difficulties.

A

Psychological Disorders

20
Q

A pioneering stress theorist that proposed the effects of long term stress through illustration of series of stages.

A

Hans Selye

21
Q

A theory that suggest that a person’s response to a stressor consists of three stages.

A

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

22
Q

3 stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

A
  1. Alarm and Mobilization
  2. Resistance
  3. Exhaustion
23
Q

It occurs when people become aware of the presence of a stressor.

A

Alarm and Mobilization

24
Q

During this stage, the body is actively fighting the stressor on a biological level.

A

Resistance

25
Q

A person’s ability to fight the stressor declines to the point where negative consequences of stressor appear; physical and psychological symptoms in the form of an inability to concentrate, heightened irritability, or, in severe cases, disorientation and a loss of touch with reality.

A

Exhaustion

26
Q

One of the least effective forms of coping where a person may use wishful thinking to reduce stress or use more direct escape routes, such us drug use, alcohol use, and overeating.

A

Avoidant Coping

27
Q

These are unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety by concealing the source from themselves and others.

A

Defense Mechanism

28
Q

Another defense mechanism used to cope with stress in which a person stops experiencing any emotions at all and thereby remains unaffected and unmoved by both and negative experiences.

A

Emotional Insulation

29
Q

A state in which people conclude that unpleasant or aversive stimuli cannot be controlled or a view of the world that becomes so ingrained that they cease trying to remedy the aversive circumstances even if they actually can exert some influence on the situation.

A

Learned Helplessness

30
Q

It represents our general tendency to deal with stress un a specific way.

A

Coping Style

31
Q

A personality trait characterized by a sense of commitment, the perception of problems as challenges and a sense of control.

A

Hardiness

32
Q

3 components of Hardiness

A
  1. Commitment
  2. Challenge
  3. Control
33
Q

People that tend to throw themselves into whatever they are doing and have a sense that their activities are important and meaningful.

A

Commitment

34
Q

Hardy people believe that change, rather than stability, is the standard condition of life.

A

Challenge

35
Q

The perception that people can influence the events in their lives.

A

Control

36
Q

The ability to withstand, overcome, and actually thrive after profound adversity.

A

Resilience

37
Q

A mutual network of caring and interested others.

A

Social Support

38
Q

A final strategy for coping with stress that anticipates and try to head off stress before it is encountered.

A

Proactive Coping

39
Q

2 types of behavior pattern

A
  1. Type A Behavior Pattern
  2. Type B Behavior Pattern
40
Q

A cluster of behaviors involving hostility, competitiveness, time urgency, and feeling driven.

A

Type A Behavior Pattern

41
Q

A cluster of behaviors characterized by a patient, cooperative, noncompetitive, and non-aggressive manner.

A

Type B Behavior Pattern

42
Q

Psychologist that has found evidence that what he calls Type D (Distress) behavior that is linked to coronary heart disease.

A

Johan Denollet

43
Q

In which parents alter a treatment prescribed by a physician by substituting their own medical judgement.

A

Creative Nonadherence

44
Q

It suggest that a change in behavior will lead to a gain and thus emphasize the benefits of carrying out a health-related behavior.

A

Positively Framed Messages

45
Q

It highlight what you can lose by not performing a behavior.

A

Negatively Framed Messages

46
Q

People’s sense of their happiness and satisfaction with their lives.

A

Subjective Well-Being

47
Q

A person hold moderately inflated views of themselves, believing that they are good, competent, and desirable.

A

Positive Illusions

Introduction to Psychology (13 decks)

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