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Introduction to Psychology > Motivation and Emotion > Flashcards

Motivation and Emotion Flashcards

1
Q

Feelings that influence behavior. These have a physiological and a cognitive component in reaction to an event.

A

Emotions

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2
Q

3 Functions of Emotion

A
  1. Prepare for Action
  2. Shaping Behavior
  3. Social Interaction
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3
Q

3 Theories of Emotions

A
  1. James-Lunge Theory
  2. Cannon-Bard Theory
  3. Schacter-Singer Theory
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4
Q

A theory that explains that emotional experience is a reaction to bodily events occurring as a result of an external situation.

A

James-Lunge Theory

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5
Q

The reaction of the body.

A

Instinctual Reaction

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6
Q

The emotion that the mind feels.

A

Emotional Reaction

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7
Q

It explains that both physiological and emotional experience are produced simultaneously by the same nerve stimulus.

A

Cannon-Bard Theory

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8
Q

It explains that emotions are determined jointly by a nonspecific kind of physiological arousal and its interpretation based on environmental cues.

A

Schacter-Singer Theory

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9
Q

Factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms.

A

Motivation

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10
Q

4 Approaches of Motivation

A
  1. Instinctual
  2. Drive-Reduction
  3. Arousal
  4. Incentive + Cognitive
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11
Q

It means that people and animals are born preprogrammed with sets of behaviors essential to their survival.

A

Instincts/Instinctual

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12
Q

It explains that a lack of some basic biological need produces a drive to push an organism to satisfy that need.

A

Drive-Reduction

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13
Q

It explains that people try to maintain a steady level of stimulation and activity.

A

Arousal

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14
Q

It explains that motivation is the outcomes of people’s thoughts, beliefs, expectations, and goals.

A

Incentive + Cognitive

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15
Q

2 types of Motivation

A
  1. Extrinsic Motivation
  2. Intrinsic Motivation
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16
Q

It seeks external rewards not necessarily connected to the task.

A

Extrinsic Motivation

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17
Q

A type of motivation that is for the enjoyment and self-chosen reasons of the task to be done.

A

Intrinsic Motivation

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18
Q

An early psychologist that suggested that there are 18 instincts.

A

William McDougall

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19
Q

The exact amount of distinct instincts discovered by other theorists and one sociologist.

A

5,759

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20
Q

The explanation that suggests people and animals are born programmed with sets of behaviors essential to their survival.

A

Instinct Approaches to Motivation

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21
Q

Theories suggesting that a lack of some basic biological need produces a drive to push an organism to satisfy that need.

A

Drive-reduction Approaches to Motivation

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22
Q

Basic drives such as hunger, thirst, sleep, and sex, are related to biological needs of the body or of the species as a whole.

A

Primary Drives

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23
Q

These are prior experience and learning bring about needs.

A

Secondary Drives

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24
Q

The body’s tendency to maintain a steady internal state.

A

Homeostasis

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25
The belief that people try to maintain a stead level of stimulation and activity.
Arousal Approaches to Motivation
26
An anticipated reward that is motivated by external stimulus.
Incentive
27
Theories suggesting that motivation stems from the desire to attain external rewards known as incentive.
Incentive Approaches to Motivation
28
Theories suggesting that motivation is the outcomes or people' thoughts, beliefs, expectations and goals.
Cognitive Approaches to Motivation
29
Psychologist that devised the common thread of model of motivation and that each of them fulfilled the highest levels of motivational needs underlying human behavior.
Abraham Maslow
30
A state of self-fulfillment in which people realize their highest potential in their own unique way.
Self-Actualization
31
A theory that suggests that people have the three basic needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness.
Self-determination Theory
32
3 basic needs of Self-determination
1. Competence 2. Autonomy 3. Relatedness
33
It is the need to produce desired outcomes.
Competence
34
The perception that we have control over our own lives.
Autonomy
35
The need to be involved in close, warm relationship with others.
Relatedness
36
Body weight that is more than 20% above the average weight for a person of a particular height.
Obesity
37
The most widely used measure of obesity which is based on a ratio of weight to height.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
38
It regulate not only the quantity of food they take in, but also the kind of food they desire.
Internal Mechanisms
39
The particular level of weight that the body strives to maintain.
Weight Set Point
40
The rate at which food is converted to energy and expended by the body.
Metabolism
41
A level and a kind of sugar.
Glucose
42
These are hormones that leads the body to store excess sugar in the blood as fats and carbohydrates.
Insulin
43
The hormone that communicates to the brain the feelings of hunger.
Ghrelin
44
It monitors the glucose levels and its primary responsibilities is to monitor food intake.
Hypothalamus
45
It appears to be designed from an evolutionary standpoint to protect the body against weight loss.
Leptin
46
It stated that the presence of too many fat cells from earlier weight gain may result in the set point's becoming "stuck" at a higher level than desirable.
Weight-set Point Hypothesis
47
A severe eating disorder in which people may refuse to eat while denying that their behavior and appearance, which can become skeletonlike, are unusual.
Anorexia Nervosa
48
A disorder in which a person binges on large quantities of food, followed by efforts to purge the food through vomiting or other means.
Bulimia
49
These are the quickest and easiest to pay off, and the sense of accomplishment from each of these little victories adds to the motivation to tackle the next challenge.
Snowball Effect
50
A behavior where bulimia sufferer's often induce vomiting or take laxatives to rid themselves of the food.
Purging
51
A stable, learned characteristic which a person obtains satisfaction by striving for an achieving challenging goals.
Need for Achievement
52
The most frequently used measuring instrument wherein examiner shows a series of ambiguous pictures and tells participants to write a story that describes what is happening.
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
53
An interest in establishing and maintaining relationships with other people.
Need for Affiliation
54
A tendency to seek impact, control, or influence over others and to be seen as a powerful individual.
Need for Power
55
A feeling of pleasure over another person's difficulties.
Schadenfreude
56
A Japanese experience or a mood of vulnerable heartache colored by frustration.
Hagaii
57
A Tahiti experience or a feeling of reluctance to yield to unreasonable demands made by one's parents.
Musu
58
It is suggested that for every major emotion, there is an accompanying physiological or "gut" reaction of internal organs.
Visceral Experience
59
The activation of a set of nerve impulses that make the face display the appropriate expression.
Facial-effect Program
60
The hypothesis that facial expressions not only reflect emotional experience but also help determine how people experience and label emotions.
Facial-feedback Hypothesis

Introduction to Psychology (13 decks)

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