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Introduction to Psychology > Motivation and Emotion > Flashcards

Motivation and Emotion Flashcards

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1
Q

Feelings that influence behavior. These have a physiological and a cognitive component in reaction to an event.

A

Emotions

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2
Q

3 Functions of Emotion

A
  1. Prepare for Action
  2. Shaping Behavior
  3. Social Interaction
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3
Q

3 Theories of Emotions

A
  1. James-Lunge Theory
  2. Cannon-Bard Theory
  3. Schacter-Singer Theory
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4
Q

A theory that explains that emotional experience is a reaction to bodily events occurring as a result of an external situation.

A

James-Lunge Theory

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5
Q

The reaction of the body.

A

Instinctual Reaction

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6
Q

The emotion that the mind feels.

A

Emotional Reaction

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7
Q

It explains that both physiological and emotional experience are produced simultaneously by the same nerve stimulus.

A

Cannon-Bard Theory

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8
Q

It explains that emotions are determined jointly by a nonspecific kind of physiological arousal and its interpretation based on environmental cues.

A

Schacter-Singer Theory

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9
Q

Factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms.

A

Motivation

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10
Q

4 Approaches of Motivation

A
  1. Instinctual
  2. Drive-Reduction
  3. Arousal
  4. Incentive + Cognitive
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11
Q

It means that people and animals are born preprogrammed with sets of behaviors essential to their survival.

A

Instincts/Instinctual

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12
Q

It explains that a lack of some basic biological need produces a drive to push an organism to satisfy that need.

A

Drive-Reduction

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13
Q

It explains that people try to maintain a steady level of stimulation and activity.

A

Arousal

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14
Q

It explains that motivation is the outcomes of people’s thoughts, beliefs, expectations, and goals.

A

Incentive + Cognitive

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15
Q

2 types of Motivation

A
  1. Extrinsic Motivation
  2. Intrinsic Motivation
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16
Q

It seeks external rewards not necessarily connected to the task.

A

Extrinsic Motivation

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17
Q

A type of motivation that is for the enjoyment and self-chosen reasons of the task to be done.

A

Intrinsic Motivation

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18
Q

An early psychologist that suggested that there are 18 instincts.

A

William McDougall

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19
Q

The exact amount of distinct instincts discovered by other theorists and one sociologist.

A

5,759

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20
Q

The explanation that suggests people and animals are born programmed with sets of behaviors essential to their survival.

A

Instinct Approaches to Motivation

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21
Q

Theories suggesting that a lack of some basic biological need produces a drive to push an organism to satisfy that need.

A

Drive-reduction Approaches to Motivation

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22
Q

Basic drives such as hunger, thirst, sleep, and sex, are related to biological needs of the body or of the species as a whole.

A

Primary Drives

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23
Q

These are prior experience and learning bring about needs.

A

Secondary Drives

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24
Q

The body’s tendency to maintain a steady internal state.

A

Homeostasis

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25
Q

The belief that people try to maintain a stead level of stimulation and activity.

A

Arousal Approaches to Motivation

26
Q

An anticipated reward that is motivated by external stimulus.

A

Incentive

27
Q

Theories suggesting that motivation stems from the desire to attain external rewards known as incentive.

A

Incentive Approaches to Motivation

28
Q

Theories suggesting that motivation is the outcomes or people’ thoughts, beliefs, expectations and goals.

A

Cognitive Approaches to Motivation

29
Q

Psychologist that devised the common thread of model of motivation and that each of them fulfilled the highest levels of motivational needs underlying human behavior.

A

Abraham Maslow

30
Q

A state of self-fulfillment in which people realize their highest potential in their own unique way.

A

Self-Actualization

31
Q

A theory that suggests that people have the three basic needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness.

A

Self-determination Theory

32
Q

3 basic needs of Self-determination

A
  1. Competence
  2. Autonomy
  3. Relatedness
33
Q

It is the need to produce desired outcomes.

A

Competence

34
Q

The perception that we have control over our own lives.

A

Autonomy

35
Q

The need to be involved in close, warm relationship with others.

A

Relatedness

36
Q

Body weight that is more than 20% above the average weight for a person of a particular height.

A

Obesity

37
Q

The most widely used measure of obesity which is based on a ratio of weight to height.

A

Body Mass Index (BMI)

38
Q

It regulate not only the quantity of food they take in, but also the kind of food they desire.

A

Internal Mechanisms

39
Q

The particular level of weight that the body strives to maintain.

A

Weight Set Point

40
Q

The rate at which food is converted to energy and expended by the body.

A

Metabolism

41
Q

A level and a kind of sugar.

A

Glucose

42
Q

These are hormones that leads the body to store excess sugar in the blood as fats and carbohydrates.

A

Insulin

43
Q

The hormone that communicates to the brain the feelings of hunger.

A

Ghrelin

44
Q

It monitors the glucose levels and its primary responsibilities is to monitor food intake.

A

Hypothalamus

45
Q

It appears to be designed from an evolutionary standpoint to protect the body against weight loss.

A

Leptin

46
Q

It stated that the presence of too many fat cells from earlier weight gain may result in the set point’s becoming “stuck” at a higher level than desirable.

A

Weight-set Point Hypothesis

47
Q

A severe eating disorder in which people may refuse to eat while denying that their behavior and appearance, which can become skeletonlike, are unusual.

A

Anorexia Nervosa

48
Q

A disorder in which a person binges on large quantities of food, followed by efforts to purge the food through vomiting or other means.

A

Bulimia

49
Q

These are the quickest and easiest to pay off, and the sense of accomplishment from each of these little victories adds to the motivation to tackle the next challenge.

A

Snowball Effect

50
Q

A behavior where bulimia sufferer’s often induce vomiting or take laxatives to rid themselves of the food.

A

Purging

51
Q

A stable, learned characteristic which a person obtains satisfaction by striving for an achieving challenging goals.

A

Need for Achievement

52
Q

The most frequently used measuring instrument wherein examiner shows a series of ambiguous pictures and tells participants to write a story that describes what is happening.

A

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

53
Q

An interest in establishing and maintaining relationships with other people.

A

Need for Affiliation

54
Q

A tendency to seek impact, control, or influence over others and to be seen as a powerful individual.

A

Need for Power

55
Q

A feeling of pleasure over another person’s difficulties.

A

Schadenfreude

56
Q

A Japanese experience or a mood of vulnerable heartache colored by frustration.

A

Hagaii

57
Q

A Tahiti experience or a feeling of reluctance to yield to unreasonable demands made by one’s parents.

A

Musu

58
Q

It is suggested that for every major emotion, there is an accompanying physiological or “gut” reaction of internal organs.

A

Visceral Experience

59
Q

The activation of a set of nerve impulses that make the face display the appropriate expression.

A

Facial-effect Program

60
Q

The hypothesis that facial expressions not only reflect emotional experience but also help determine how people experience and label emotions.

A

Facial-feedback Hypothesis

Introduction to Psychology (13 decks)

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