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Introduction to Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

2 Greek words and meaning of Psychology

A

Psyche, Life/Soul
Logia, Study

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2
Q

First 2 schools of thought of Psychology

A
  1. Structuralism
  2. Functionalism
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3
Q

It is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

A

Psychology

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4
Q

He is the father of Psychology

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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5
Q

The first school of thought that focuses on the building blocks on the mind thus the structure and is also first to set up a psychology laboratory.

A

Structuralism

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6
Q

He is the father of American Psychology

A

William James

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7
Q

The second school of thought that focuses on what do the behaviors do or their function.

A

Functionalism

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8
Q

It is psychology’s first attempt at scientific methods.

A

Introspection

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9
Q

21 major subfields of Psychology

A
  1. Behavioral Neuroscience
  2. Experimental Psychology
  3. Cognitive Psychology
  4. Developmental Psychology
  5. Personality Psychology
  6. Clinical Psychology
  7. Counseling Psychology
  8. Industrial/Organization Psychology
  9. Education Psychology
  10. Social Psychology
  11. Behavioral Genetics
  12. Clinical Neuropsychology
  13. Cross-cultural Psychology
  14. Environmental Psychology
  15. Evolutionary Psychology
  16. Forensic Psychology
  17. Health Psychology
  18. Program Evaluation
  19. Psychology of Women
  20. School Psychology
  21. Sport Psychology
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10
Q

It focuses on the biological bases of behavior and mental processes; how our body influences behavior.

A

Behavioral Neuroscience

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11
Q

The application of empirical methods to the study of behaviors and mental processes.

A

Experimental Psychology

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12
Q

The scientific study of higher mental processes such as thinking, perception, attention, memory, problem solving, judgement making, and language.

A

Cognitive Psychology

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13
Q

The study of how people grow and charge throughout their life-span; how life experiences have formed and shaped on individual.

A

Developmental Psychology

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14
Q

It theorizes about the unique and enduring personal traits of an individual that differentiates them from others; identities, understands, and predicts patterns of behaviors in individuals.

A

Personality Psychology

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15
Q

It deals with the understanding diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders; linked with psychotherapy and long-term psychological intervention.

A

Clinical Psychology

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16
Q

It trains mental health professionals to help individuals deal and cope with short-term and specific problems; commonly seen as “coaches” that help individuals with various context-related problems.

A

Counseling Psychology

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17
Q

The psychological study in an industrial or organizational setting.

A

Industrial/Organizational Psychology

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18
Q

It applies psychological principles to teaching and learning processes.

A

Educational Psychology

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19
Q

It studies how people’s thought, actions, and feelings are affected by people around them.

A

Social Psychology

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20
Q

It explores the relationship between the psychological factors and physical ailments or disease.

A

Health Psychology

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21
Q

It investigates the similarities in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups.

A

Cross-cultural Psychology

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22
Q

It studies the inheritance of traits related to behavior.

A

Behavioral Genetics

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23
Q

It unites the areas of biopsychology and clinical psychology focusing on the relationship between biological factors and psychological disorders.

A

Clinical Neuropsychology

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24
Q

It considers the relationship between people and their physical environment.

A

Environmental Psychology

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25
It consider how behavior is influence by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.
Evolutionary Psychology
26
It focuses on legal issues, such as determining the accuracy of witness' memories.
Forensic Psychology
27
It focuses on assessing large-scale programs such as the Head Start preschool program to determine whether they are effective in meeting their goals.
Program Evaluation
28
It focuses on issues such as discrimination against women and the causes of violence against women.
Psychology of Women
29
It is developed to counselling children in elementary and secondary schools who have academic or emotional problems.
School Psychology
30
It applies psychology to the athletic activity and exercise.
Sport Psychology
31
Charles Darwin's book in 1859 where evolutionary psychology rooted.
On the Origin of Species
32
It is a research degree that requires a dissertation based on an original investigation.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
33
It is obtained by psychologists who want to focus on the treatment of psychological disorders.
Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)
34
A medical degree and specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders often using treatments that involve the prescription of drugs.
Psychiatrists
35
A procedure where ancient healers chipped a hole in a patient's skull with crude instruments in 5,000 BCE.
Trephining
36
An 18th century physician that gave rise to the field of phrenology in 1807.
Franz Josef Gall
37
He argues for four temperaments of personality in 430 BCE.
Hippocrates
38
The 17th century philosopher that explains that nerves were hollow tubes through which "animal spirits" conducted impulses in the same way that water is transmitted through a pipe in 1637.
Rene Descartes
39
He introduces the idea of Tabula Roso in 1690.
John Locke
40
He develops the psychodynamic perspective in 1900.
Sigmund Freud
41
His work on digestion led to fundamental principles of learning in 1904.
Ivan Pavlov
42
She works on memory in 1905.
Mary Calkins
43
4 Forerunners of Psychology
1. Hippocrates 2. Rene Descartes 3. John Locke 4. Franz Josef Gall
44
7 First Psychologists
1. Wilhelm Wundt 2. William James 3. Sigmund Freud 4. Ivan Pavlov 5. Mary Calkins 6. John B. Watson 7. Leta Stetter Hottingworth
45
An early behaviorist that publishes Behaviorism in 1924.
John B. Watson
46
She publishes work on adolescence in 1928
Leta Stetter Hottingworth
47
He publishes Client-Centered Therapy helping to establish the humanistic perspective in 1951.
Carl Rogers
48
He publishes Science and Human Behavior advocating behavioral perspective in 1953.
Burrhus Frederic (B.F.) Skinner
49
He publishes the A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance producing a major impact in social psychology in 1957.
Leon Festinger
50
He publishes Motivation and Personality developing the concept of self-actualization in 1954.
Abraham Maslow
51
Who is the influential developmental psychologist that died in 1980?
Jean Piaget
52
2 psychologist that work on vision cells in the brain in 1981
1. David Hubel 2. Torsten Wiesel
53
The pioneer on false memory and eyewitness testimony in 2000.
Elizabeth Loftus
54
It emphasizes how perception is organized.
Gestalt Psychology
55
2 Gestalt psychologists that proposed that the whole is different from the sum of its part.
1. Herman Ebbinghaus 2. Max Wertheimer
56
The first woman to receive a doctorate in psychology and she did an important work on animal behavior.
Margaret Floy Washbum
57
7 Modern Psychologists
1. Carl Rogers 2. B.F. Skinner 3. Leon Festinger 4. Abraham Maslow 5. David Hubel 6. Torsten Wiesel 7. Elizabeth Loftus
58
She focused on the social and cultural factors behind personality as well as being the founder of the American Journal of Psychoanalysis.
Karen Horney
59
She spearheaded the study of personality traits and became the first woman to head a psychology department at a state university.
June Etta Downey
60
The daughter of Sigmund Freud that made a notable contributions to the treatment of abnormal behavior.
Anna Freud
61
She carried our pioneering work on how children of color grew to recognize racial differences.
Mamie Phipps Clark
62
5 Major Perspectives
1. Neuroscience Perspective 2. Cognitive Perspective 3. Behavioral Perspective 4. Humanistic Perspective 5. Psychodynamic Perspective
63
It views behavior from the perspective of biological functioning.
Neuroscience Perspective
64
Examines how people understand and think about the world.
Cognitive Perspective
65
Focuses on observable behavior.
Behavioral Perspective
66
Contends that people can control their behavior and that they naturally try to reach their full potential.
Humanistic Perspective
67
Believes behavior is motivated by inner, unconscious forces over which a person has little control.
Psychodynamic Perspective
68
The ability to freely make decisions about one's own behavior and life.
Free Will
69
It sees behavior as caused or determined by things beyond a person's control.
Determinism
70
A severe developmental disability that impairs one's ability to communicate and relate to others.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
71
It is one of the major issues that psychologists address in trying to determine the causes of behavior.
Nature vs. Nurture
72
5 Major Issues in Psychology
1. Nature vs. Nurture 2. Conscious vs. Unconscious 3. Observable Behavior vs. Inner Mental Processes 4. Free Will vs. Determinism 5. Individual Differences vs. Universal Principles
73
It represents one of the great controversies in the field of psychology.
Conscious vs Unconscious
74
An issue long debated by philosophers that is central to the field of psychology.
Free Will vs. Determinism

Introduction to Psychology (13 decks)

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