Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Introduction to Psychology > Introduction to Psychology > Flashcards

Introduction to Psychology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

2 Greek words and meaning of Psychology

A

Psyche, Life/Soul
Logia, Study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

First 2 schools of thought of Psychology

A
  1. Structuralism
  2. Functionalism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

It is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

A

Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

He is the father of Psychology

A

Wilhelm Wundt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The first school of thought that focuses on the building blocks on the mind thus the structure and is also first to set up a psychology laboratory.

A

Structuralism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

He is the father of American Psychology

A

William James

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The second school of thought that focuses on what do the behaviors do or their function.

A

Functionalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

It is psychology’s first attempt at scientific methods.

A

Introspection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

21 major subfields of Psychology

A
  1. Behavioral Neuroscience
  2. Experimental Psychology
  3. Cognitive Psychology
  4. Developmental Psychology
  5. Personality Psychology
  6. Clinical Psychology
  7. Counseling Psychology
  8. Industrial/Organization Psychology
  9. Education Psychology
  10. Social Psychology
  11. Behavioral Genetics
  12. Clinical Neuropsychology
  13. Cross-cultural Psychology
  14. Environmental Psychology
  15. Evolutionary Psychology
  16. Forensic Psychology
  17. Health Psychology
  18. Program Evaluation
  19. Psychology of Women
  20. School Psychology
  21. Sport Psychology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

It focuses on the biological bases of behavior and mental processes; how our body influences behavior.

A

Behavioral Neuroscience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The application of empirical methods to the study of behaviors and mental processes.

A

Experimental Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The scientific study of higher mental processes such as thinking, perception, attention, memory, problem solving, judgement making, and language.

A

Cognitive Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The study of how people grow and charge throughout their life-span; how life experiences have formed and shaped on individual.

A

Developmental Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

It theorizes about the unique and enduring personal traits of an individual that differentiates them from others; identities, understands, and predicts patterns of behaviors in individuals.

A

Personality Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

It deals with the understanding diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders; linked with psychotherapy and long-term psychological intervention.

A

Clinical Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

It trains mental health professionals to help individuals deal and cope with short-term and specific problems; commonly seen as “coaches” that help individuals with various context-related problems.

A

Counseling Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The psychological study in an industrial or organizational setting.

A

Industrial/Organizational Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

It applies psychological principles to teaching and learning processes.

A

Educational Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

It studies how people’s thought, actions, and feelings are affected by people around them.

A

Social Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

It explores the relationship between the psychological factors and physical ailments or disease.

A

Health Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

It investigates the similarities in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups.

A

Cross-cultural Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

It studies the inheritance of traits related to behavior.

A

Behavioral Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

It unites the areas of biopsychology and clinical psychology focusing on the relationship between biological factors and psychological disorders.

A

Clinical Neuropsychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

It considers the relationship between people and their physical environment.

A

Environmental Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

It consider how behavior is influence by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.

A

Evolutionary Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

It focuses on legal issues, such as determining the accuracy of witness’ memories.

A

Forensic Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

It focuses on assessing large-scale programs such as the Head Start preschool program to determine whether they are effective in meeting their goals.

A

Program Evaluation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

It focuses on issues such as discrimination against women and the causes of violence against women.

A

Psychology of Women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

It is developed to counselling children in elementary and secondary schools who have academic or emotional problems.

A

School Psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

It applies psychology to the athletic activity and exercise.

A

Sport Psychology

31
Q

Charles Darwin’s book in 1859 where evolutionary psychology rooted.

A

On the Origin of Species

32
Q

It is a research degree that requires a dissertation based on an original investigation.

A

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

33
Q

It is obtained by psychologists who want to focus on the treatment of psychological disorders.

A

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

34
Q

A medical degree and specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders often using treatments that involve the prescription of drugs.

A

Psychiatrists

35
Q

A procedure where ancient healers chipped a hole in a patient’s skull with crude instruments in 5,000 BCE.

A

Trephining

36
Q

An 18th century physician that gave rise to the field of phrenology in 1807.

A

Franz Josef Gall

37
Q

He argues for four temperaments of personality in 430 BCE.

A

Hippocrates

38
Q

The 17th century philosopher that explains that nerves were hollow tubes through which “animal spirits” conducted impulses in the same way that water is transmitted through a pipe in 1637.

A

Rene Descartes

39
Q

He introduces the idea of Tabula Roso in 1690.

A

John Locke

40
Q

He develops the psychodynamic perspective in 1900.

A

Sigmund Freud

41
Q

His work on digestion led to fundamental principles of learning in 1904.

A

Ivan Pavlov

42
Q

She works on memory in 1905.

A

Mary Calkins

43
Q

4 Forerunners of Psychology

A
  1. Hippocrates
  2. Rene Descartes
  3. John Locke
  4. Franz Josef Gall
44
Q

7 First Psychologists

A
  1. Wilhelm Wundt
  2. William James
  3. Sigmund Freud
  4. Ivan Pavlov
  5. Mary Calkins
  6. John B. Watson
  7. Leta Stetter Hottingworth
45
Q

An early behaviorist that publishes Behaviorism in 1924.

A

John B. Watson

46
Q

She publishes work on adolescence in 1928

A

Leta Stetter Hottingworth

47
Q

He publishes Client-Centered Therapy helping to establish the humanistic perspective in 1951.

A

Carl Rogers

48
Q

He publishes Science and Human Behavior advocating behavioral perspective in 1953.

A

Burrhus Frederic (B.F.) Skinner

49
Q

He publishes the A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance producing a major impact in social psychology in 1957.

A

Leon Festinger

50
Q

He publishes Motivation and Personality developing the concept of self-actualization in 1954.

A

Abraham Maslow

51
Q

Who is the influential developmental psychologist that died in 1980?

A

Jean Piaget

52
Q

2 psychologist that work on vision cells in the brain in 1981

A
  1. David Hubel
  2. Torsten Wiesel
53
Q

The pioneer on false memory and eyewitness testimony in 2000.

A

Elizabeth Loftus

54
Q

It emphasizes how perception is organized.

A

Gestalt Psychology

55
Q

2 Gestalt psychologists that proposed that the whole is different from the sum of its part.

A
  1. Herman Ebbinghaus
  2. Max Wertheimer
56
Q

The first woman to receive a doctorate in psychology and she did an important work on animal behavior.

A

Margaret Floy Washbum

57
Q

7 Modern Psychologists

A
  1. Carl Rogers
  2. B.F. Skinner
  3. Leon Festinger
  4. Abraham Maslow
  5. David Hubel
  6. Torsten Wiesel
  7. Elizabeth Loftus
58
Q

She focused on the social and cultural factors behind personality as well as being the founder of the American Journal of Psychoanalysis.

A

Karen Horney

59
Q

She spearheaded the study of personality traits and became the first woman to head a psychology department at a state university.

A

June Etta Downey

60
Q

The daughter of Sigmund Freud that made a notable contributions to the treatment of abnormal behavior.

A

Anna Freud

61
Q

She carried our pioneering work on how children of color grew to recognize racial differences.

A

Mamie Phipps Clark

62
Q

5 Major Perspectives

A
  1. Neuroscience Perspective
  2. Cognitive Perspective
  3. Behavioral Perspective
  4. Humanistic Perspective
  5. Psychodynamic Perspective
63
Q

It views behavior from the perspective of biological functioning.

A

Neuroscience Perspective

64
Q

Examines how people understand and think about the world.

A

Cognitive Perspective

65
Q

Focuses on observable behavior.

A

Behavioral Perspective

66
Q

Contends that people can control their behavior and that they naturally try to reach their full potential.

A

Humanistic Perspective

67
Q

Believes behavior is motivated by inner, unconscious forces over which a person has little control.

A

Psychodynamic Perspective

68
Q

The ability to freely make decisions about one’s own behavior and life.

A

Free Will

69
Q

It sees behavior as caused or determined by things beyond a person’s control.

A

Determinism

70
Q

A severe developmental disability that impairs one’s ability to communicate and relate to others.

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder

71
Q

It is one of the major issues that psychologists address in trying to determine the causes of behavior.

A

Nature vs. Nurture

72
Q

5 Major Issues in Psychology

A
  1. Nature vs. Nurture
  2. Conscious vs. Unconscious
  3. Observable Behavior vs. Inner Mental Processes
  4. Free Will vs. Determinism
  5. Individual Differences vs. Universal Principles
73
Q

It represents one of the great controversies in the field of psychology.

A

Conscious vs Unconscious

74
Q

An issue long debated by philosophers that is central to the field of psychology.

A

Free Will vs. Determinism

Introduction to Psychology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions