Memory

Question 1

The process by which we encode, store, and retrieve information.

Answer 1

Memory

Question 2

3 Process of Memory

Answer 2

1. Encoding
2. Storage
3. Retrieval

Question 3

The process of acquiring sensory information and transforming it into a format that can be stored in memory.

Answer 3

Encoding

Question 4

Very brief store, lasting less than a second and captures a picture of what the senses acquire.

Answer 4

Sensory Memory

Question 5

It may last forever and be unlimited.

Answer 5

Retrieval

Question 6

Accessed again through retrieval.

Answer 6

Long-Term Memory

Question 7

These are stimuli that aid in retrieval.

Answer 7

Retrieval Cues

Question 8

It lasts from 20-45 seconds or 3-7 chunks and information is maintained through rehearsal.

Answer 8

Short-Term/Working Memory

Question 9

The maintenance of material saved in memory.

Answer 9

Storage

Question 10

It dominated memory research for several decades, there are different memory storage systems or stages through which information must travel if it is to be remembered.

Answer 10

Three-system Approach to Memory

Question 11

It reflects information from the visual system.

Answer 11

Iconic Memory

Question 12

It stores auditory information coming from the ears.

Answer 12

Echoic Memory

Question 13

Psychologist that demonstrated the existence of sensory memory in a series of clever and now-classic studies.

Answer 13

George Sperling

Question 14

A group of familiar stimuli stored as a single unit in short-term memory.

Answer 14

Chunk

Question 15

The repetition of information that has entered short-term memory.

Answer 15

Rehearsal

Question 16

It occurs when the information is considered and organized in some fashion.

Answer 16

Elaborative Rehearsal

Question 17

A method for organizing information in a way that makes it more likely to be remembered.

Answer 17

Mnemonics

Question 18

A memory system that holds information temporarily while actively manipulating and rehearsing that information.

Answer 18

Working Memory

Question 19

It is involved in reasoning and decision making.

Answer 19

Central Executive Processes

Question 20

It specializes in visual and spatial information.

Answer 20

Visual Store

Question 21

It holds and manipulate material relating to speech, words, and numbers.

Answer 21

Verbal Store

Question 22

It contains information that represents episodes or events.

Answer 22

Episodic Buffer

Question 23

3 distinct storage-and-rehearsal systems of the Central Executive Processes

Answer 23

1. Visual Store
2. Verbal Store
3. Episodic Buffer

Question 24

It occurs in which items presented early in a list are remembered better.

Answer 24

Primary Effect

Question 25

It is seen, in which items presented late in a list are remembered best.

Answer 25

Recency Effect

Question 26

4 memory modules of Long-term Memory

Answer 26

1. Declarative Memory 2. Procedural Memory 3. Semantic Memory 4. Episodic Memory

Question 27

It is a memory for factual information; names, faces. dates, and facts.

Answer 27

Declarative Memory

Question 28

It refers to memory for skills and habits.

Answer 28

Procedural (Nondeclarative) Memory

Question 29

Memory for general knowledge and facts about the world, as well as memory for the rules of logic that are used to deduce other facts.

Answer 29

Semantic Memory

Question 30

Memory for events that occur in a particular time, place, or context.

Answer 30

Episodic Memory

Question 31

Mental representations of clusters of interconnected information.

Answer 31

Semantic Networks

Question 32

A process where one memory is activating triggering the activation of related memories.

Answer 32

Spreading Activation

Question 33

The term for physical memory trace in the brain that corresponds to a memory and has proved to be a major puzzle to psychologists and other neuroscientists.

Answer 33

Engram

Question 33

The term for physical memory trace in the brain that corresponds to a memory and has proved to be a major puzzle to psychologists and other neuroscientists.

Answer 33

Engram

Question 34

The term for physical memory trace in the brain that corresponds to a memory and has proved to be a major puzzle to psychologists and other neuroscientists.

Answer 34

Engram

Question 34

The term for physical memory trace in the brain that corresponds to a memory and has proved to be a major puzzle to psychologists and other neuroscientists.

Answer 34

Engram

Question 34

The term for physical memory trace in the brain that corresponds to a memory and has proved to be a major puzzle to psychologists and other neuroscientists interested in memory.

Answer 34

Engram

Question 35

A part of the brain's limbic system that helps to consolidate memories stabilizing them after they are initially acquired.

Answer 35

Hippocampus

Question 36

Another part of the limbic system that involves in memories including emotions.

Answer 36

Amygdala

Question 37

It shows that certain pathways become easily excited while a new response is being learned.

Answer 37

Long-term Potentiation

Question 38

It is where memories become fixed and stable in long-term memory.

Answer 38

Consolidation

Question 39

The inability to recall information that one realizes one knows, a result of the difficulty of retrieving information from long-term memory.

Answer 39

Tip-of-the-tongue Phenomenon

Question 40

Memory task in which specific information must be retrieved.

Answer 40

Recall

Question 41

Memory task in which individuals are presented with a stimulus and asked whether they have been exposed to it in the past or to identify it from a list of alternatives.

Answer 41

Recognition

Question 42

The theory of memory that emphasizes the degree to which a new material is mentally analyzed.

Answer 42

Levels-of-Processing Theory

Question 43

Intentional or conscious recollection of information.

Answer 43

Explicit Memory

Question 44

Memories of which people are not consciously aware but that can affect subsequent performance and behavior.

Answer 44

Implicit Memory

Question 45

A phenomenon that occurs when exposure to a word or concept later makes it easier to recall information related to the prime.

Answer 45

Priming

Question 46

The concept to where priming is exposed to.

Answer 46

Prime

Question 47

It is where our behavior may be influenced by experience of which we are unaware.

Answer 47

"Retention without Remembering"

Question 48

Memories of specific, important, or surprising emotionally significant event that are recalled easily and with vivid imagery.

Answer 48

Flashbulb Memories

Question 49

It occurs when an individual has a memory for some material but cannot recall where he or she encountered it.

Answer 49

Source Amnesia

Question 50

Processes in which memories are influenced by the meaning we give to events.

Answer 50

Constructive Processes

Question 51

A British psychologists that was first to put forward the notion that memory if based on constructive processes.

Answer 51

Frederic Bartlett

Question 52

Organized bodies of information stored in memory that bias the way new information is interpreted, stored, and recalled.

Answer 52

Schemas

Question 53

These are apparent recollections of events that are initially so shocking that the mind responds by pushing them into the unconscious.

Answer 53

Repressed Memories

Question 54

A memory researcher that maintain that there is little evidence for the phenomenon of repressed memories.

Answer 54

Elizabeth Loftus

Question 55

Representation of so called repressed memories that is may be inaccurate or even wholly false.

Answer 55

False Memory

Question 56

Our recollections of our own life experiences.

Answer 56

Autobiographical Memory

Question 57

German psychologist that made the first attempt to study about forgetting.

Answer 57

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Question 58

The loss of information in memory through its nonuse.

Answer 58

Decay

Question 59

The phenomenon by which information in memory disrupts the recall of other information.

Answer 59

Interference

Question 60

Forgetting that occurs when there are insufficient retrieval cues to rekindle information that is in memory.

Answer 60

Cue-dependent Forgetting

Question 61

Interference in which information learned earlier disrupts the recall of material learned later.

Answer 61

Proactive Interference

Question 62

Interference in which material that was learned later disrupts the retrieval of information that was learned earlier.

Answer 62

Retroactive Interference

Question 63

A progressive brain disorder that leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in cognitive abilities.

Answer 63

Alzheimer's Disease

Question 64

Memory loss that occurs without mental difficulties.

Answer 64

Amnesia

Question 65

Amnesia in which memory is lost for occurrences prior to a certain event, but not for new events.

Answer 65

Retrograde Amnesia

Question 66

Amnesia in which memory is lost for events that follow an injury.

Answer 66

Anterograde Amnesia

Question 67

A disease that afflicts long term alcoholics, leaving some abilities intact but including hallucinations and a tendency to repeat the same story.

Answer 67

Korsakoff's Syndrome

Question 68

A process where people study and rehearse material well beyond initial mastery.

Answer 68

Overlearning

Question 69

3 process of forgetting

Answer 69

1. Decay 2. Interference 3. Cue-Dependent Forgetting

Question 70

2 sorts of Interference

Answer 70

1. Proactive Interference 2. Retroactive Interference