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Introduction to Psychology > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

Freud’s theory where unconscious forces act as determinants of personality.

A

Psychoanalytic Theory

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2
Q

A part of the personality that contains the memories, knowledge, beliefs, feelings, urges, drives, and instincts of which the individual is not aware.

A

Unconscious

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3
Q

3 Structuring Personality

A
  1. Id
  2. Ego
  3. Superego
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4
Q

The instinctual and unorganized part of personality whose sole purpose is to reduce tension created by primitive drives related to hunger, sex, aggression, and irrational.

A

Id

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5
Q

The part of personality that attempts to balance the desires of the id and the the realities of the objective of the outside world.

A

Ego

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6
Q

The part of personality that harshly judges the morality of our behavior.

A

Superego

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7
Q

Developmental periods that children pass through during which they encounter conflicts between the demands of society and their own sexual urges.

A

Psychosexual Stages

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8
Q

Conflicts or concern that persist beyond the developmental period in which they first occur.

A

Fixations

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9
Q

5 Psychosexual Stages

A
  1. Oral Stage
  2. Anal Stage
  3. Phallic Stage
  4. Latency Stage
  5. Genital Stage
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10
Q

It is the interest in oral gratification from sucking, eating, mouthing, and biting.

A

Oral Stage

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11
Q

Gratification from expelling and withholding fences, coming to terms with society’s controls relating to toilet training.

A

Anal Stage

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12
Q

Interest in the genitals, coming to terms with Oedipal conflict leading to identification with same-sex parent.

A

Phallic Stage

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13
Q

Sexual concerns largely unimportant.

A

Latency Stage

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14
Q

Reemergence of sexual interests and establishments of mature sexual relationships.

A

Genital Stage

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15
Q

A child’s intense, sexual interest in his or her opposite-sex parent.

A

Oedipal Conflict

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16
Q

The process of wanting to be like another person as much as possible, imitating that person’s behavior and adopting similar beliefs and values.

A

Identification

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17
Q

It is the period between the phallic stage and puberty during which children’s sexual concerns are temporarily put aside.

A

Latency Period

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18
Q

Unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety.

A

Defense Mechanism

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19
Q

Return to former state and behave as if they were at an earlier stage of development.

A

Regression

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20
Q

Inherited set of ideas shared with all humans because of our common ancestral past.

A

Collective Unconscious

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21
Q

Universal symbolic representations of particular types of people.

A

Archetypes

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22
Q

First feminist psychologist that created the theory “Womb Envy” that is the result of women’s capacity to bear life.

A

Karen Horney

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23
Q

Stated that we all have one basic desire and goal and is to be Superior.

A

Alfred Adler

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24
Q

It pertains to feelings and doubts people have if they don’t exceed society’s expectations.

A

Inferiority Complex

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25
Q

They are recurring, established personality qualities and behaviors appearing in various settings.

A

Traits

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26
Q

4 Trait Theories

A
  1. Allport’s Trait Theory
  2. Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors
  3. Eysenck’s 3 Dimensions
  4. The Big 5 Personality Traits
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27
Q

The Big 5 Personality Traits

A
  1. Openness
  2. Conscientiousness
  3. Extraversion
  4. Agreeableness
  5. Neuroticism
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28
Q

The depth and breadth of a person’s imagination, creativity, and interests.

A

Openness

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29
Q

The degree to a person’s foresight, awareness, and self-control.

A

Conscientiousness

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30
Q

The degree to which a person is sociable.

A

Extraversion

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31
Q

The degree of a person’s warmth, love, trustworthiness, and congenial social behavior.

A

Agreeableness

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32
Q

The degree of emotional stability exhibited by a person.

A

Neuroticism

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33
Q

Most influential learning theorist that defines personality as a collection of learned behavior patterns.

A

B.F. Skinner

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34
Q

It is the belief that we can master a situation and produce positive outcomes.

A

Self-efficacy

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35
Q

It is the component of personality that encompasses our positive and negative self-evaluations.

A

Self-esteem

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36
Q

A state of self-fulfillment where individuals, each in their own manner, reach their utmost potential.

A

Self-actualization

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37
Q

It refers to the observer’s attitude of acceptance and respect, regardless of what a person does or says.

A

Unconditional Positive Regard

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38
Q

It is where others withdraw their love and acceptance if you do something of which they don’t approve.

A

Conditional Positive Regard

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39
Q

Approaches that assume that personality is primarily unconscious and motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which people have little awareness.

A

Psychodynamic Approaches to Personality

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40
Q

The most important pioneer of the psychodynamic approach.

A

Sigmund Freud

41
Q

A slip of the tongue that may be interpreted as revealing the speaker’s unconscious deep thoughts.

A

Freudian Slip

42
Q

It contains material that is not threatening and is easily brought to mind.

A

Preconscious

43
Q

It is where instinctual energy is restrained to maintain the individual’s safety and to help integrate the person into society.

A

Reality Principle

44
Q

It is included in the superego which prevents us from behaving in a morally improper way by making us feel guilty if we do wrong.

A

Conscience

45
Q

The fear of losing a penis which ultimately becomes so powerful that the child represses his desires for his mother and identifies with his father.

A

Castration Anxiety

46
Q

An intense and negative emotional experience.

A

Anxiety

47
Q

An irrational impulses emanating from he id threaten to burst through and become uncontrollable.

A

Neurotic Anxiety

48
Q

The defense mechanism in which the ego pushes unacceptable or unpleasant thoughts and impulses out of consciousness but maintains them in the unconscious.

A

Repression

49
Q

8 Defense Mechanism

A
  1. Repression
  2. Regression
  3. Displacement
  4. Rationalization
  5. Denial
  6. Projection
  7. Sublimation
  8. Reaction Formation
50
Q

The expression of an unwanted feeling or thought is redirected from a more threatening powerful person to a weaker one.

A

Displacement

51
Q

People provide self-justifying explanations in the place of the actual, but threatening, reason for their behavior.

A

Rationalization

52
Q

People refuse to accept or acknowledge an anxiety-producing piece of information.

A

Denial

53
Q

People attribute unwanted impulses and feelings to someone else.

A

Projection

54
Q

People divert unwanted impulses into socially approved thoughts, feelings, or behavior.

A

Sublimation

55
Q

Unconscious impulses are expressed as their opposite in consciousness.

A

Reaction Formation

56
Q

A mental disorder produced by anxiety.

A

Neurosis

57
Q

An important method of treating psychological disturbances.

A

Psychoanalysis

58
Q

Psychoanalysts who were trained in traditional Freudian theory but who later rejected some of its major points.

A

Neo-Freudian Psychoanalysts

59
Q

One of the most influential neo-Freudians that rejected Freud’s view of the primary importance of unconscious sexual urges.

A

Carl Jung

60
Q

It contains reflections of our ancestors’ relationships with mother figures that is suggested by the prevalence pf mothers in art, religion, literature, and mythology.

A

Mother Archetype

61
Q

It affects men’s behavior that they possesses unconsciously.

A

Feminine Archetype

62
Q

It affects women’s behavior that they possesses unconsciously.

A

Male Archetype

63
Q

A model of personality that seeks to identify the basic traits necessary to describe personality.

A

Trait Theory

64
Q

A personality psychologist that systematically pored over an unabridged dictionary in the 1930s and came up with some 18,000 separate terms that could be used to describe personality.

A

Gordon Allport

65
Q

3 fundamental categories of traits

A
  1. Cardinal Traits
  2. Central Traits
  3. Secondary Traits
66
Q

It is a single characteristics that directs most of a person’s activities.

A

Cardinal Traits

67
Q

It makes up the core of a person such as honesty and sociability which are individual’s major characteristics and are usually number from five to ten in any one person.

A

Central Traits

68
Q

These are characteristics that affect behavior in fewer situations and are less influential.

A

Secondary Traits

69
Q

A statistical method of identifying patterns among a large number of variables.

A

Factor Analysis

70
Q

A fundamental patterns of traits that tend to be found together in the same person.

A

Factors

71
Q

A personality psychologists that suggested that 16 pairs of traits represent the basic dimensions of personality using a factor analysis.

A

Raymond Cattell

72
Q

The degree to which reality is distorted.

A

Psychoticism

73
Q

The most influential trait approach.

A

Big Five Personality Traits

74
Q

Theories that emphasize the influence of a person’s cognitions; thoughts, feelings, expectations, and values as well as observation of others’ behaviors, in determining personality.

A

Social Cognitive Approaches to Personality

75
Q

A social cognitive theorist that took a different approach to personality from the social cognitive approaches to personality.

A

Walter Mischel

76
Q

A view where personality cannot be considered without taking the particular context of the situation into account.

A

Situationism

77
Q

A theory where Mischel argues that people’s thought and emotions about themselves and the world determine how they view, and then react.

A

Cognitive-Affective Processing System (CAPS)

78
Q

It is a sense of success in forming close bonds with other people.

A

Relationship Harmony

79
Q

It is where people show self-absorption and hold inflated biews of themselves.

A

Narcissism

80
Q

A test of narcissistic tendencies.

A

Narcissism Personality Inventory (NPI)

81
Q

It suggest that important components of personality are inherited.

A

Biological and Evolutionary Approaches to Personality

82
Q

The degree to which a person assumes mastery and leadership roles in social situations.

A

Social Potency

83
Q

The tendency to follow authority.

A

Individualism

84
Q

An individual’s behavioral style and characteristic way of responding that emerges early in life.

A

Temperament

85
Q

Theories that emphasize people’s innate goodness and desire to achieve higher levels of functioning.

A

Humanistic Approaches to Personality

86
Q

The set of beliefs and perceptions people hold about their own abilities, behavior, and personality.

A

Self-Concept

87
Q

Standard measures devised to assess behavior objectively and used by psychologists to help people make decisions about their lives and understand more about themselves.

A

Psychological Tests

88
Q

It refers to a test’s measurement consistency.

A

Reliability

89
Q

It is when tests actually measure what they are designed to measure.

A

Validity

90
Q

The average test performance of a large sample of individuals that permit the comparison of one person’s score on a test with the scores of others who have taken the same test and where psychological tests base from.

A

Norms

91
Q

A method of gathering data about people by asking them questions about their own behavior and traits.

A

Self-report Measures

92
Q

A widely used self-report test that identifies people with psychological difficulties and is employed to predict some everyday behaviors.

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF)

93
Q

A technique used to validate questions in personality teste by studying the responses of people with known diagnoses.

A

Test Standardization

94
Q

3 types of Projective Methods

A
  1. Projective Personality Test
  2. Rorschach Test
  3. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
95
Q

A test in which a person is shown an ambiguous stimulus and asked to describe it or tell a story about it.

A

Projective Personality Test

96
Q

A test that involves showing a series of symmetrical visual stimuli to people who then are asked what the figures represent to them.

A

Rorschach Test

97
Q

A test consisting of a series of pictures about which a person is asked to write a story.

A

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

98
Q

A Swiss psychiatrist that devised the best-known projective test.

A

Hermann Rorschach

99
Q

Direct measures of an individual’s behavior used to describe personality characteristics.

A

Behavioral Assessment

Introduction to Psychology (13 decks)

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