Personality

Question 1

Freud’s theory where unconscious forces act as determinants of personality.

Answer 1

Psychoanalytic Theory

Question 2

A part of the personality that contains the memories, knowledge, beliefs, feelings, urges, drives, and instincts of which the individual is not aware.

Answer 2

Unconscious

Question 3

3 Structuring Personality

Answer 3

1. Id
2. Ego
3. Superego

Question 4

The instinctual and unorganized part of personality whose sole purpose is to reduce tension created by primitive drives related to hunger, sex, aggression, and irrational.

Answer 4

Id

Question 5

The part of personality that attempts to balance the desires of the id and the the realities of the objective of the outside world.

Answer 5

Ego

Question 6

The part of personality that harshly judges the morality of our behavior.

Answer 6

Superego

Question 7

Developmental periods that children pass through during which they encounter conflicts between the demands of society and their own sexual urges.

Answer 7

Psychosexual Stages

Question 8

Conflicts or concern that persist beyond the developmental period in which they first occur.

Answer 8

Fixations

Question 9

5 Psychosexual Stages

Answer 9

1. Oral Stage
2. Anal Stage
3. Phallic Stage
4. Latency Stage
5. Genital Stage

Question 10

It is the interest in oral gratification from sucking, eating, mouthing, and biting.

Answer 10

Oral Stage

Question 11

Gratification from expelling and withholding fences, coming to terms with society’s controls relating to toilet training.

Answer 11

Anal Stage

Question 12

Interest in the genitals, coming to terms with Oedipal conflict leading to identification with same-sex parent.

Answer 12

Phallic Stage

Question 13

Sexual concerns largely unimportant.

Answer 13

Latency Stage

Question 14

Reemergence of sexual interests and establishments of mature sexual relationships.

Answer 14

Genital Stage

Question 15

A child’s intense, sexual interest in his or her opposite-sex parent.

Answer 15

Oedipal Conflict

Question 16

The process of wanting to be like another person as much as possible, imitating that person’s behavior and adopting similar beliefs and values.

Answer 16

Identification

Question 17

It is the period between the phallic stage and puberty during which children’s sexual concerns are temporarily put aside.

Answer 17

Latency Period

Question 18

Unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety.

Answer 18

Defense Mechanism

Question 19

Return to former state and behave as if they were at an earlier stage of development.

Answer 19

Regression

Question 20

Inherited set of ideas shared with all humans because of our common ancestral past.

Answer 20

Collective Unconscious

Question 21

Universal symbolic representations of particular types of people.

Answer 21

Archetypes

Question 22

First feminist psychologist that created the theory “Womb Envy” that is the result of women’s capacity to bear life.

Answer 22

Karen Horney

Question 23

Stated that we all have one basic desire and goal and is to be Superior.

Answer 23

Alfred Adler

Question 24

It pertains to feelings and doubts people have if they don’t exceed society’s expectations.

Answer 24

Inferiority Complex

Question 25

They are recurring, established personality qualities and behaviors appearing in various settings.

Answer 25

Traits

Question 26

4 Trait Theories

Answer 26

1. Allport's Trait Theory 2. Cattell's 16 Personality Factors 3. Eysenck's 3 Dimensions 4. The Big 5 Personality Traits

Question 27

The Big 5 Personality Traits

Answer 27

1. Openness 2. Conscientiousness 3. Extraversion 4. Agreeableness 5. Neuroticism

Question 28

The depth and breadth of a person's imagination, creativity, and interests.

Answer 28

Openness

Question 29

The degree to a person's foresight, awareness, and self-control.

Answer 29

Conscientiousness

Question 30

The degree to which a person is sociable.

Answer 30

Extraversion

Question 31

The degree of a person's warmth, love, trustworthiness, and congenial social behavior.

Answer 31

Agreeableness

Question 32

The degree of emotional stability exhibited by a person.

Answer 32

Neuroticism

Question 33

Most influential learning theorist that defines personality as a collection of learned behavior patterns.

Answer 33

B.F. Skinner

Question 34

It is the belief that we can master a situation and produce positive outcomes.

Answer 34

Self-efficacy

Question 35

It is the component of personality that encompasses our positive and negative self-evaluations.

Answer 35

Self-esteem

Question 36

A state of self-fulfillment where individuals, each in their own manner, reach their utmost potential.

Answer 36

Self-actualization

Question 37

It refers to the observer's attitude of acceptance and respect, regardless of what a person does or says.

Answer 37

Unconditional Positive Regard

Question 38

It is where others withdraw their love and acceptance if you do something of which they don't approve.

Answer 38

Conditional Positive Regard

Question 39

Approaches that assume that personality is primarily unconscious and motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which people have little awareness.

Answer 39

Psychodynamic Approaches to Personality

Question 40

The most important pioneer of the psychodynamic approach.

Answer 40

Sigmund Freud

Question 41

A slip of the tongue that may be interpreted as revealing the speaker's unconscious deep thoughts.

Answer 41

Freudian Slip

Question 42

It contains material that is not threatening and is easily brought to mind.

Answer 42

Preconscious

Question 43

It is where instinctual energy is restrained to maintain the individual's safety and to help integrate the person into society.

Answer 43

Reality Principle

Question 44

It is included in the superego which prevents us from behaving in a morally improper way by making us feel guilty if we do wrong.

Answer 44

Conscience

Question 45

The fear of losing a penis which ultimately becomes so powerful that the child represses his desires for his mother and identifies with his father.

Answer 45

Castration Anxiety

Question 46

An intense and negative emotional experience.

Answer 46

Anxiety

Question 47

An irrational impulses emanating from he id threaten to burst through and become uncontrollable.

Answer 47

Neurotic Anxiety

Question 48

The defense mechanism in which the ego pushes unacceptable or unpleasant thoughts and impulses out of consciousness but maintains them in the unconscious.

Answer 48

Repression

Question 49

8 Defense Mechanism

Answer 49

1. Repression 2. Regression 3. Displacement 4. Rationalization 5. Denial 6. Projection 7. Sublimation 8. Reaction Formation

Question 50

The expression of an unwanted feeling or thought is redirected from a more threatening powerful person to a weaker one.

Answer 50

Displacement

Question 51

People provide self-justifying explanations in the place of the actual, but threatening, reason for their behavior.

Answer 51

Rationalization

Question 52

People refuse to accept or acknowledge an anxiety-producing piece of information.

Answer 52

Denial

Question 53

People attribute unwanted impulses and feelings to someone else.

Answer 53

Projection

Question 54

People divert unwanted impulses into socially approved thoughts, feelings, or behavior.

Answer 54

Sublimation

Question 55

Unconscious impulses are expressed as their opposite in consciousness.

Answer 55

Reaction Formation

Question 56

A mental disorder produced by anxiety.

Answer 56

Neurosis

Question 57

An important method of treating psychological disturbances.

Answer 57

Psychoanalysis

Question 58

Psychoanalysts who were trained in traditional Freudian theory but who later rejected some of its major points.

Answer 58

Neo-Freudian Psychoanalysts

Question 59

One of the most influential neo-Freudians that rejected Freud's view of the primary importance of unconscious sexual urges.

Answer 59

Carl Jung

Question 60

It contains reflections of our ancestors' relationships with mother figures that is suggested by the prevalence pf mothers in art, religion, literature, and mythology.

Answer 60

Mother Archetype

Question 61

It affects men's behavior that they possesses unconsciously.

Answer 61

Feminine Archetype

Question 62

It affects women's behavior that they possesses unconsciously.

Answer 62

Male Archetype

Question 63

A model of personality that seeks to identify the basic traits necessary to describe personality.

Answer 63

Trait Theory

Question 64

A personality psychologist that systematically pored over an unabridged dictionary in the 1930s and came up with some 18,000 separate terms that could be used to describe personality.

Answer 64

Gordon Allport

Question 65

3 fundamental categories of traits

Answer 65

1. Cardinal Traits 2. Central Traits 3. Secondary Traits

Question 66

It is a single characteristics that directs most of a person's activities.

Answer 66

Cardinal Traits

Question 67

It makes up the core of a person such as honesty and sociability which are individual's major characteristics and are usually number from five to ten in any one person.

Answer 67

Central Traits

Question 68

These are characteristics that affect behavior in fewer situations and are less influential.

Answer 68

Secondary Traits

Question 69

A statistical method of identifying patterns among a large number of variables.

Answer 69

Factor Analysis

Question 70

A fundamental patterns of traits that tend to be found together in the same person.

Answer 70

Factors

Question 71

A personality psychologists that suggested that 16 pairs of traits represent the basic dimensions of personality using a factor analysis.

Answer 71

Raymond Cattell

Question 72

The degree to which reality is distorted.

Answer 72

Psychoticism

Question 73

The most influential trait approach.

Answer 73

Big Five Personality Traits

Question 74

Theories that emphasize the influence of a person's cognitions; thoughts, feelings, expectations, and values as well as observation of others' behaviors, in determining personality.

Answer 74

Social Cognitive Approaches to Personality

Question 75

A social cognitive theorist that took a different approach to personality from the social cognitive approaches to personality.

Answer 75

Walter Mischel

Question 76

A view where personality cannot be considered without taking the particular context of the situation into account.

Answer 76

Situationism

Question 77

A theory where Mischel argues that people's thought and emotions about themselves and the world determine how they view, and then react.

Answer 77

Cognitive-Affective Processing System (CAPS)

Question 78

It is a sense of success in forming close bonds with other people.

Answer 78

Relationship Harmony

Question 79

It is where people show self-absorption and hold inflated biews of themselves.

Answer 79

Narcissism

Question 80

A test of narcissistic tendencies.

Answer 80

Narcissism Personality Inventory (NPI)

Question 81

It suggest that important components of personality are inherited.

Answer 81

Biological and Evolutionary Approaches to Personality

Question 82

The degree to which a person assumes mastery and leadership roles in social situations.

Answer 82

Social Potency

Question 83

The tendency to follow authority.

Answer 83

Individualism

Question 84

An individual's behavioral style and characteristic way of responding that emerges early in life.

Answer 84

Temperament

Question 85

Theories that emphasize people's innate goodness and desire to achieve higher levels of functioning.

Answer 85

Humanistic Approaches to Personality

Question 86

The set of beliefs and perceptions people hold about their own abilities, behavior, and personality.

Answer 86

Self-Concept

Question 87

Standard measures devised to assess behavior objectively and used by psychologists to help people make decisions about their lives and understand more about themselves.

Answer 87

Psychological Tests

Question 88

It refers to a test's measurement consistency.

Answer 88

Reliability

Question 89

It is when tests actually measure what they are designed to measure.

Answer 89

Validity

Question 90

The average test performance of a large sample of individuals that permit the comparison of one person's score on a test with the scores of others who have taken the same test and where psychological tests base from.

Answer 90

Norms

Question 91

A method of gathering data about people by asking them questions about their own behavior and traits.

Answer 91

Self-report Measures

Question 92

A widely used self-report test that identifies people with psychological difficulties and is employed to predict some everyday behaviors.

Answer 92

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF)

Question 93

A technique used to validate questions in personality teste by studying the responses of people with known diagnoses.

Answer 93

Test Standardization

Question 94

3 types of Projective Methods

Answer 94

1. Projective Personality Test 2. Rorschach Test 3. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Question 95

A test in which a person is shown an ambiguous stimulus and asked to describe it or tell a story about it.

Answer 95

Projective Personality Test

Question 96

A test that involves showing a series of symmetrical visual stimuli to people who then are asked what the figures represent to them.

Answer 96

Rorschach Test

Question 97

A test consisting of a series of pictures about which a person is asked to write a story.

Answer 97

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Question 98

A Swiss psychiatrist that devised the best-known projective test.

Answer 98

Hermann Rorschach

Question 99

Direct measures of an individual's behavior used to describe personality characteristics.

Answer 99

Behavioral Assessment