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Introduction to Psychology > Psychological Research > Flashcards

Psychological Research Flashcards

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1
Q

4 basic steps in creating a research title

A
  1. Identify your variables
  2. Explore between your variables
  3. Specify who you’re studying (The population)
  4. (Optional) Make a witty header
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2
Q

6 scientific methods

A
  1. Observation
  2. Hypothesis
  3. Testing
  4. Analysis
  5. Conclusion
  6. Publication
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3
Q

The first step of the scientific method that involves observing people, phenomena events, situations, etc., and asking questions about them.

A

Observation

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4
Q

It is a prediction, stemming from a theory, stated in a way that allows it to be tested.

A

Hypothesis

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5
Q

Selecting a research method and using it to gather data.

A

Testing

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6
Q

Scientists use statistical tools in order to organize and interpret data to make it meaningful.

A

Analysis

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7
Q

The answers that you can draw from your research.

A

Conclusion

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8
Q

The form of communication in research for their benefit and so others can replicate your findings.

A

Publication

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9
Q

A mathematical statistic where the strength and direction of the relationship between the two variables are represented which can range from +1.0 to -1.0.

A

Correlation/Correlation Coefficient

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10
Q

A research in which the relationship between two sets of variables is examined to determine whether they are associated or correlated.

A

Correlational Research

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11
Q

The behaviors, events, or other characteristics that can change, or vary, in some way.

A

Variables

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12
Q

It is when one variable increases, then the other variable increases as well.

A

Positive Correlation/Direction

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13
Q

It when one variable increases, then the other variable decreases.

A

Negative Correlation/Direction

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14
Q

It is when the higher the number, the better the correlation (separately from the direction).

A

Strength

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15
Q

It is the approach used by psychologists to systematically acquire knowledge and understanding about behavior and other phenomena of interest.

A

Scientific Method

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16
Q

These are broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest.

A

Theories

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17
Q

2 psychologists that developed theory of Diffusion of Responsibility

A
  1. Bibb Latane
  2. John Darley
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18
Q

A theory where the greater the number of bystanders or witnesses to an event that calls for helping behavior, the more the responsibility for helping is perceived to be shared by all the bystanders.

A

Diffusion of Responsibility

19
Q

It is the translation of a hypothesis into specific, testable procedures that can be measured and observed in an experiment.

A

Operational Definition

20
Q

A systematic inquiry aimed at the discovery of new knowledge and the central ingredient of the scientific method in psychology.

A

Research

21
Q

It is designed to systematically investigates a person, group, or patterns of behaviors.

A

Descriptive Research

22
Q

4 methods in Descriptive Research

A
  1. Archival Research
  2. Naturalistic Observation
  3. Survey Research
  4. Case Studies
23
Q

It is where an existing data, such as census documents, college records, online databases, and newspaper articles, are examined to test a hypothesis.

A

Archival Research

24
Q

It is where an investigator observes some naturally occurring behavior and does not make a change in the situation.

A

Naturalistic Observation

25
Q

A sample of people chosen to represent a larger group of interest and is asked a series of questions about their behavior, thoughts, or attitudes.

A

Survey Research

26
Q

An in-depth, intensive investigation of a single individual or a small group.

A

Case Study

27
Q

A procedure in which a carefully designed set of questions is used to gain some insight into the personality of the individual or group.

A

Psychological Testing

28
Q

The change that the researcher deliberately makes in an experiment and are used to detect relationships between different variables.

A

Experimental Manipulation

29
Q

It is any group that receives a treatment.

A

Experimental Group

30
Q

A group that receives no treatment.

A

Control Group

31
Q

It is the condition that is manipulated by an experimenter.

A

Independent Variable

32
Q

A variable that is measured in a study.

A

Dependent Variable

33
Q

A procedure in which participants are assigned to different experimental groups or “conditions” on the basis of chance and chance alone.

A

Random Assignment to Condition

34
Q

It is an actor employed by a researcher who participates in a psychological experiment, pretending to be a participant.

A

Confederate

35
Q

It indicates that the findings are statistically meaningful, making it possible for researchers to feel confident that they have confirmed their hypotheses.

A

Significant Outcome

36
Q

It permits psychologists to combine the results of many separate studies into one overall conclusion.

A

Meta-Analysis

37
Q

4 step process of Scientific Method

A
  1. Question of interest.
  2. Formulated an explanation.
  3. Carried out research
  4. Communicated their findings.
38
Q

One of psychologists’ key ethical principles where participants must sign a document affirming that they have been told the basic outlines of the study and are aware of what their participation will involve, what risks the experiment may hold, and the fact that their participation is purely voluntary and they may terminate it at any time.

A

Informed Consent

39
Q

Factors that distort the way the independent variables affects the dependent variable in an experiment.

A

Experimental Bias

40
Q

It is when an experimenter unintentionally transmits cues to participants about the way the experimenter expects them to behave.

A

Experimenter Expectations

41
Q

It is where participants develop their own hypotheses what the experimenter hopes to learn from the study.

A

Participant Expectations

42
Q

A false treatment, such as a pill, “drug’, or other substance that has no significant chemical properties or active ingredient and are usually given to control groups.

A

Placebo

43
Q

A method where researchers can more accurately assess the effects of the drug to keep the interaction with the participants “blind” to the nature of the drug that is being administered.

A

Double-Blind Procedure

44
Q

6 Research Method

A
  1. Descriptive Research
  2. Correlational Research
  3. Archival Research
  4. Naturalistic Observation
  5. Survey Research
  6. Case Study
  7. Experimental Research

Introduction to Psychology (13 decks)

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