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Nursing 101 > Stress and Adaptation Objectives > Flashcards

Stress and Adaptation Objectives Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Distress stressor? and an example.

A

can threaten health

EX. Continual finical worries

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2
Q

What is a Eustress stressor? and an example.

A

the good stress

EX. a passionate kiss – a passionate kiss can produce as strong a stress response as a slap in the face

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3
Q

What could be some examples of an external stressor?

A

death in the family
hurricane
room temperature

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4
Q

What could be some examples of internal stressors?

A

disease
anxiety
Nervous anticipation of an event
Negative self talk

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5
Q

What is a Developmental stressor? and an example.

A

Associated with the life stages

EX. college graduation

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6
Q

What is a situational stressor? and an example.

A

Random, unpredictable meaning it can affect and life stage equally
EX. hurricane or accident

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7
Q

What is a time stressor? and an example.

A

unable to meet demands

EX. Multiple demands, rushing

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8
Q

What is a Anticipatory stressor? and an example.

A

concern about the future situations but can also be undefined, such as a vague sense of concern about the future or a feeling that something will go wrong.
EX. upcoming exam

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9
Q

What is a Psychological stressor? and an example.

A

Arise from a life event

EX. work pressure, relationship/family arguments, living situations

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10
Q

What is a Physiological stressor? and an example.

A

things that affect the body structure or function

EX. Medications, environmental toxins, viruses, genetic problems, obesity, etc

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11
Q

What are the three general approaches for coping

A

Alter: remove or change the stressor like changing jobs

Adapt: changing one’s thoughts or behaviors related to the stressor.

Avoid: Ignoring the stressor all together (ending a relationship)

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12
Q

What are some personal factors that influence adaptation

A 
Personal perception of stressor 
Overall health status 
support system 
hardiness 
personal factors
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13
Q

What questions may you need to ask yourself about personal perception of stressor to understand if it is affecting your adaptation?

A

is understanding the stressor realistic

how successful have previous adaptation attempts been

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14
Q

how could the “overall health status influence adaptation ?

A

the number of illnesses present and the chronicity of illnesses may affect the ability to adapt to new stressors

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15
Q

How does a “support system” influence adaptation?

A

strong support = better adaptation

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16
Q

How does hardiness influence adaptation ?

A

the ability to thrive despite overwhelming stressors

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17
Q

What are some personal factors that influence adaptation?

A

age
developmental level
life experiences

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18
Q

What is Selyes’s General adaptation syndrome (GAS)?

A

nonspecific bodily responses shared by all people

response to distress and eustress

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19
Q

What is the first stage of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) ? and what does it involve for the body?

A

Alarm reaction (fight or flight) - involves involuntary body responses

20
Q

In the Alarm reaction stage of General Adaptation Syndrome what is stimulated? and Where does it cause the increase of hormone release ?

A 
Simulation of sympathetic nervous system 
Increased release from :
Hypothalamus 
posterior pituitary 
anterior pituitary 
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
21
Q

What is the second stage of General Adaptation Syndrome?

A

Resistance

22
Q

What is balanced in the Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome ?

A

Parasympathetic activity balances sympathetic activity

hormone levels return to normal

23
Q

What are the two possibilities for the third stage of general adaptation syndrome?

A

recovery or exhaustion

24
Q

What is the exhaustion stage of general adaptation syndrome

A

alarm reaction reoccurs or continues until the energy is depleted. The person cannot adapt and subsequently dies.

25
Q

What is Local adaptation syndrome? (LAS)

A

response to stress involving specific body part, tissue, or organ
it is a short term attempt to restore homeostasis

26
Q

What are the two types of Local adaptation syndrome (LAS) ?

A

Reflex pain response

Inflammatory response

27
Q

What is the Vascular response of the local adaptation syndrome?

A

Immediately after injury, blood vessels at the site constrict (narrow) to control bleeding

28
Q

What is the cellular response of the local adaptation syndrome (LAS)

A

Specialized white blood cells (phagocytes) migrate to the site of injury and engulf bacteria, other foreign material, and damaged cells and destroy them. Sometimes they form a “wall” around an invading pathogen.
Can include pus

29
Q

What is the exudate formation of the local adaptation syndrome (LAS)?

A

The fluid and white blood cells that move from the circulation to the site of injury

30
Q

What is the “healing” of the local adaptation syndrome (LAS)?

A

the replacement of tissue by regeneration or repair.

31
Q

Psychological responses to stress include…

A

feelings, thoughts and behaviors

32
Q

These are examples of what?
Difficulty concentrating

Poor judgment

Decrease in accuracy (e.g., in counting money)

Forgetfulness

Decreased problem-solving ability

Decreased attention to detail

Difficulty learning

Narrowing of focus

Preoccupation, daydreaming

A

cognitive responses to psychological stress

33
Q

These are examples of what?
Adjustment disorders

Anger

Anxiety

Depression

Fear Feelings of inadequacy

Low self-esteem

Irritability

Lack of motivation

Lethargy

A

emotional responses to psychological stress

34
Q

These are examples of what?
Academic difficulties

Aggressiveness

Crying, emotional outbursts

Dependence

Nightmares

Poor job performance

Substance use and abuse

Altered sleeping (too little or too much)

Change in eating habits (e.g., loss of appetite, overeating)

Decrease in quality of job performance

Preoccupation (i.e., daydreaming) I

Illnesses

Increased absenteeism from work or school

Increased number of accidents

Strained family or social relationships

Avoiding social situations or relationships

Rebellion, acting out

A

responses to psychological stress

35
Q

What are some nursing interventions for Health promotion?

A

Nutrition

Exercise (intense activity for at least 150 minutes per week)

Sleep and rest - promote around 7-8 hrs ensure they are free of pain to sleep

Leisure activities - activities that bring joy

Time management - teach the client how to delegate responsibility set boundaries with time and how to say no

Avoid maladaptive behaviors - avoid unhealthy behaviors like excessive caffeine, substance use

36
Q

These are examples of what?
Exercise

Relaxation

Meditation

Visualization and imagery

Biofeedback

Acupuncture

Chiropractor

Reiki and therapeutic touch

reflexology

humor

music/art activities

dance/sports

journaling

A

stress management techniques

37
Q

what is biofeedback `

A

use electronic instruments to measure neuromuscular and autonomic nervous system activity and provide information about those responses to the person.

The immediate feedback helps the person become aware of and learn how to voluntarily control certain physiological responses, such as those produced by stress.

38
Q

what is reiki/therapeutic touch ?

A

These touch therapies are focused on energy modulation. Healing energy is channeled through a practitioner’s hands to improve well-being.

39
Q

the application of pressure to specific points on the feet, hands, or ears; these points are thought to correspond with certain organs of the body. The goal is to relieve blockage, promote the flow of energy, and reduce tension——- Is what?

A

Reflexology

40
Q

What is cognitive restructuring for the nursing intervention changing perception of stressors or self

A

you help the client recognize their negative focus and to restructure their thinking in a more positive and realistic way

41
Q

How does “Identifying positive aspects of self and coping abilities help the nursing intervention changing perception of stressors or self

A

promotes self-esteem and helps clients to recognize and use the resources they have for coping with their stressors.

42
Q

How does self-affirmation help the nursing intervention changing perception of stressors or self

A

improves problem-solving under stress

43
Q

How does positive self talk help the nursing intervention changing perception of stressors or self

A

another method for increasing self-esteem

44
Q

What are some nursing interventions you can do for the client to improve and identify support system

A

You can act as a support system just by listening and encouraging
assist the client in recognizing the support system they do have
possibly encourage community groups

45
Q

How can you reduce hospital stress

A

promote patient centered-care
involve family and patients actively in their care (huge in pediatrics and OB)
teach patients what to expect

46
Q

How can you offer spiritual support ?

A

church groups
pray for or with the client if you are comfortable doing so
Chaplain service

Nursing 101 (23 decks)

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