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nutrition 2 Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of phospholipids

A

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)

High density lipoproteins (HDL)

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2
Q

3 types of lipids

A

glycerides, sterols and phospholipids

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3
Q

above levels of blood glucose causes what

A

trigger the release of insulin which cause glucose ot move into body cells and to be stored in the liver and muscles

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4
Q

At room temp fats are ——– and oils are ——

A

solid and liquid

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5
Q

can lipids be dissolved in water?

A

no

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6
Q

Cholesterol should be less than

A

300 mg

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7
Q

Coffee lowers the risk of what

A

parkinsons disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, and dementia

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8
Q

Coffee lowers the risk of what

A

parkinsons disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, and dementia

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9
Q

complex molecules made up of amino acids.

A

proteins

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10
Q

consist of long chains of saccharides called polysaccharides

A

Complex carbohydrates

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11
Q

cooking methods affecting nutritional status

A

up to half of the water soluble vitamin content is lost in the cooking water of boiled vegetables

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12
Q

Developed to help people improve their nutritional habits but do not specify daily amounts of food and nutrients

Intended as a primary source of health information for educators, policy makers and healthcare providers

Based on scientific evidence
provide information about nutritious diet, maintaining health weight, adequate exercise and food safety

A

USDA DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR AMERICANS 2015-2020

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13
Q

direct measurement of basal metabolic rate (BMR) requires what

A

calorimeter - an insulates unit that measures temerpature changes of water that are produced by a fasting individual at rest
it is not used as often

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14
Q

Factors affecting older adults nutritional status

A

can lose interest in easting and decreased thirst
chronic disease may require diets in low salt, simple sugars or fat making diets unappealing
taste and smell diminish
limited mobility, vision or hearing
tooth loss
arthritis

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15
Q

Function of CHO’s

A

Supply energy for muscle and organ function

More easily and quickly digested than protein and lipids

Fuel strenuous/short-term skeletal muscle activity and provide almost all energy for the brain

Spare proteins

Increase satiety

Improve absorption of NA+ and excretion of ca

Enhance insulin excretion

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16
Q

Functions of Protein

A

Tissue building

Metabolism

Immune system

fluid balance - they attract water

acid/base balance - function as buffers

secondary energy source - when CHO’s are inadequate

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17
Q

greater then ____ BMI is overweight

A

25

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18
Q

how does body composition effect BMR

A

lean body tissue has a greater metabolic activity then fat and bone - explains why women who on average have more adipose tissue then men have a lower BMRs

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19
Q

how does body composition effect BMR

A

lean body tissue has a greater metabolic activity then fat and bone - explains why women who on average have more adipose tissue then men have a lower BMRs

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20
Q

how to calculate BMI

A

weight in kg divided by (height in meters) squared

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21
Q

less the ___ BMI is underweight

A

18.5

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22
Q

less the ___ BMI is underweight

A

18.5

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23
Q

Limit salt to less than

A

1500mg/day for AA, HTN, diabetes and chronic kidney conditions

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24
Q

lover levels of blood glucose causes what

A

triggers the release of glucagon leading to the release of glucose from storage

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25
Most important sterol in the body
cholesterol wax-like substance needed for the formation of cell membranes, vitamin D, estrogen and testosterone.  synthesized in the liver and also found in animal foods 
26
Number of different amino acids that are the building blocks of most of the proteins in the human body
20
27
oral contraceptives affecting nutritional status
they can lower the serum level of vitamin C and several B vitamins
28
oral contraceptives affecting nutritional status
they can lower the serum level of vitamin C and several B vitamins
29
Saturated fats should be less than
10% of total calories
30
symptoms fo hyperglycemia
``` rise in blood sugar may produce weakness or fatigue it is a characteristic of diabetes prolonged elevations in weight loss blurred vision ketosis (metabolism of fate) peripheral neuropathy ```
31
too few dietary kcal result in
``` weight loss lack of essential nutrients weakened immunity stunted growth hormonal distribution ```
32
too many dietary kcal results in
can cause weight gain and obesity | increased the risk of chronic diseases
33
Total fat intake should be below
20% to 35% of total calories
34
Trans-fats should be less than
1% of calories
35
What are simple carbohydrates How are they named?
sugars named according to the number of sugar (saccharide) units making up their chemical structure Monosaccharides (simple sugars) - single unit  Disaccharides – made up of two saccharides 
36
what are some food examples related to a full liquid diet
``` soups milk puddings yogurt custards some hot cereals ```
37
what are the causes of hypoglycemia
insufficient food intake, excessive physical excretion or disportioncate amount of hypoglycemic agents
38
what are the causes of hypoglycemia
insufficient food intake, excessive physical excretion or disportioncate amount of hypoglycemic agents
39
What do fruitarians eat
fruits, nuts, honey, and vegetable oils
40
What do ovo-lacto vegetarians exclude from their diet
fish
41
What does % of DV on a food label identify?
the percentage that a serving of the food contributes to a consumer's daily intake of the nutrient listed
42
What does a semi-vegetarian consume
they are the most inclusive allowing fish, eggs, dairy, as well as plant based foods
43
what does kcal mean
amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 Kg of water 1 degree
44
what is a clear liquid diet
provides fluids to prevent dehydration and supplies some simple carbohydrates to help meet energy needs
45
what is a food frequency questionnaire
you ask the client to identify a number of times per day,week
46
what is a food frequency questionnaire
you ask the client to identify a number of times per day, week, month a particular food group is eaten provides a broadened view of the patients nutritional intake accuracy is a problem because it relies on recall
47
what is a food record
a patient keeps a record of measured/weighed amounts of food over a 3-day period allows the nurse to get the total Kcal and nutrient content it is the most accurate
48
what is a full liquid diet
contains all the liquids in the clear liquid dietplus any food that are liquid at room temperature
49
what is a indirect calculation of BMR (basal metabolic rate)
measuring the oxygen uptake per unit of time - also called the resting energy expenditure
50
what is a mechanical soft diet
it is the diet of choice for people with chewing difficulties
51
what is a purred diet
a blended diet
52
what is an example of clear liquid diet
``` coffee water tea broth clear juice popsicles carbonated beverages gelatin ```
53
what is basal metabolic rate? (BMR)
measure of the energy used while at rest in a neutral temperature environment the energy required for vital organs
54
What is blood glucose ?
the amount of fuel available for cellular energy
55
what is hyperglycemia
blood glucose level greater then 109mg/dL fasting | or greater then 126 mg/dL at random
56
what is hypoglycemia
limits the fuel supply to the body | blood glucose levels less the 50mg/dl
57
what is normal BMI
18.5- 24.9
58
What is the difference in complete and nn complete proteins
complete contains all the essential amnio acids necessary for protein synthesis (animal sources) incomplete does not but you can combine 2 incompletes to make complete
59
What is the primary energy sources for the body
Carbohydrates (CHO'S)
60
what is the waist to hip ratio and how do you calculate it
evaluates obesity by assessing abdominal fat take waist circumference divided by hip circumfrence women should be below 0.8 and men 0.95
61
what should be included in a nutritional assessment ?
``` nutritional history medical history dietary intake anthropometric measurements lab values ```
62
What to vegans eat
only food of plant origin
63
What vitamin is used more by smokers then non smokers and why
vitamin C because it is needed to counteract damage smoking causes to cells - all so linked to iron deficiency
64
Which amino acid can be synthesized in the body
nonessential amino acid
65
which amino acid can not be manufactured in the body
Essential amino acids must be supplied by food or nutritional supplements
66
Which are macronutrients and what do they supply the body?
Carbohydrates  Proteins Lipids supply the body with energy (kcal). 
67
Which phospholipid is the "good" cholesterol? Why?
High density lipoproteins (HDL)  removes  cholesterol from the bloodstream, returning it to the liver, where it is used to produce bile. High blood levels considered protective against cardiovascular disease.
68
work environment affecting nutritional status
physically demanding work can cause fatigue and affect quantity and quality of food consumed - time pressure

Nursing 101 (23 decks)

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