Nutrition 3 Flashcards
Describe the effects on nutrition of (1) smoking and (2) heavy alcohol use.
Smoking. Smokers use vitamin C faster than do nonsmokers. If the person cannot quit smoking, a vitamin C supplement may help compensate.
• Alcohol. A 12-oz beer contains 150 kcal; a juice- based cocktail contains about 160 kcal. Such drinks can add many unnecessary calories to
the regular diet. In addition, alcohol significantly decreases the rate of fat metabolism, contribut- ing to obesity. Excessive alcohol use interferes with adequate nutrition by (1) replacing the
food in the person’s diet, (2) depressing the appetite, (3) decreasing the absorption of nutri- ents by its toxic effects on intestinal mucosa,
and (4) impairing the storage of nutrients. People who use alcohol heavily will need multivitamin supplements, especially those rich in B vitamins and folic acid.
diabetic formulas include what
limited carbohydrates
fiber containing formulas consist of what
lots of fiber - used in long term care facilities or patients who require feeding for prolonged time
generally how long can non-sterile feedings hang
4 hours
generally how long can sterile feedings hang
24 hours
how do you check tube placement and why
should be secured
the marking should be in the correct place because if it has been pulled out that could be putting the formula into the patients lungs
how is a small bore inserted
through the naris, nasopharynx, esophagus, and stomach
nurses can insert this
Identify at least four functions of water.
Solvent. Water is the basic solvent for the body’s chemical processes, assisting in the regulation of nerve impulses and muscle contractions.
• Transport. Circulating as blood, water serves a medium for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic wastes.
• Body structure and form. Water “fills in the spaces” in body tissues (e.g., in muscle) providing structure and form to the body.
• Temperature. Water helps maintain body tempera- ture and creates the necessary environment and temperature for cellular metabolism to occur. When body temperature rises, evaporation of sweat helps cool the body.
• Lubricant. Fluid reduces friction between moving surfaces, such as in joints, and in thoracic and abdominal cavities where organs need to move freely.
• Catalyst. Water is a part of many biochemical reactions, such as the conversion of carbohydrates and proteins into energy during the digestive process.
Identify five functions of adipose tissue (body fat).
- Energy supply
- Thermal insulation
- Vital organ protection
- Nerve impulse transmission
- Tissue membrane structure
- Cell metabolism
- Essential precursor substance
Imagine that you have just eaten a food consisting of 4 grams of protein, 18 grams of carbohydrate, and
1 gram of fat.
• What would your total kcal intake be?
97 kcal total
4 g protein × 4 kcal/g = 16 kcal
18 g carbohydrate × 4 kcal/g = 72 kcal 1 g fat × 9 kcal/g = 9 kcal
16 + 72 + 9 = 97 kcal
List at least three nutrients that may be more difficult to supply through a vegetarian diet.
vitamin B12, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin D. Vegans must supplement these nutrients and calcium or consume foods fortified with them.
patients with burns, open wounds, or malnutrition need a diet high in what
protein
pulmonary formulas consist of what
high fat so that less Co2 is produced per O2 consumed
usually for patients with lung disease - because they burn so many calories just breathing
renal formulas consist of what
limit potassium, sodium , and nitrogen
risks or complications of enteral feeding
aspiration into the lungs introducing bacteria into the patient with high glucose in the formula diarrhea nausea vomiting abscess formation ARDS metabolic distribution
What are the DRIs?
DRIs are “dietary reference intakes” to promote the consumption of healthful nutrient levels by all Americans.
What are the implications of an increased WHR?
A waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) evaluates obesity by looking at the amount of abdominal fat present.
A high level of abdominal fat is associated
with increased risk for hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. A WHR greater than 1.0 in men and greater than 0.8 in women indicates obesity.
What are the most reliable locations for skinfold measurement?
Triceps for children and women • Subscapular area in men
What are the short term feeding tubes
French scale
small bore NG
NE tube
Large bore
What distinguishes a major mineral from a trace mineral?
Major minerals are those needed in amounts of 100 mg or greater per day. Trace minerals are essential, but needed in lower amounts.
