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Nursing 101 > Repiratory 2 > Flashcards

Repiratory 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Accumulation of fluid and blood in the pleural space interferes with lung expansion, ventilation, and gas exchange.

A

Hemothorax

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2
Q

Air in the pleural space creates positive pressure, causing lung tissue to collapse.

A

Pneumothorax

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3
Q

albuterol

A

bronchodialator - beta adrenergic - metered dose inhaler -

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4
Q

anemia is ____ ____ ____ which _____ o2 carrying capacity

A

inadequate red blood cells (or heme)

reduces

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5
Q

steroid - inhaler - can cause yeast infection in mouth - rinse mouth -

A

beclomethasone

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6
Q

start small and then cough harder as you move along

A

cascade coughing

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7
Q

Causes of hypoxia

A 
decreased hemoglobin or RBCs
decreased O2 concentration (high altitude) 
inability of tissues to extract O2 (CO2 poisoning)
decreased perfusion  (pneumonia)
poor tissue perfusion (shock) 
impaired ventilation (chest trauma)
Decreased cardiac output
Pneumothorax
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8
Q

Components of respiration assessment

A 
Rate
Rhythm
Volume
Character
Breath sounds
Lifespan considerations
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9
Q

Explain the difference between how wheezes and crackles sound.

A

Wheezes: musical noise during inspiration or expiration, usually louder during expiration
crackles: high pitched, heard during inspiration, not cleared by a cough

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10
Q

Factors affecting pulse

A 
Pulse sites
Pulse deficit
Medications
Telemetry
Lifespan considerations
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11
Q

helps support breathing by the opening of the airways during exhalation and increasing excretion of volatile acids in the form of carbon dioxide preventing or relieving hypercapnia.

A

pursed ip breathing

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12
Q

How many liters of blood does the average male (160 lbs./5’10”) have?

A

5 liters

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13
Q

how often should a pt use an IS

A

optimally it would be 10 times an hour if you can get people to start with two an hour that’s great

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14
Q

Huff coughing

A

get encourage someone to lean forward an exhale sharply making the Huff sound it helps keep a central Airways open while moving the secretions out

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15
Q

Hypoxia is

A

inadequate o2 at tissue level

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16
Q

List three outcomes for a client who develops pneumonia after surgery.

A

Client will demonstrate correct use of incentive spirometer.
Client will list reasons for grandchildren not to visit.
Client will list three symptoms of possible reinfection.
Client will state amount of fluid to drink daily.

17
Q

List three ways to mobilize secretions?

A

Hydrate – push fluids if not contraindicated
Humidification of air/O2 via humidifiers, vaporizer, etc.
Positioning
Ambulation

18
Q

measures the carbon dioxide (CO2) in inhaled and exhaled air

A

Capnography

19
Q

Normal range for arterial blood PH

A

7.35 - 7.45

20
Q

pulmonary hygiene

A

keeping the lungs in as good a shape as possible

21
Q

Signs and Symptoms of hypoxia

A

Difficulty breathing, apprehension, restlessness, inability to concentrate, dizziness, fatigue, increased pulse/respiration, increased BP, skin color changes

22
Q

stacked coughing

A

where you take a deep breath and hold it making several small short cause instead of 1 long big one just a few times coughing is very energy depleting

23
Q

What are the actions the nurse takes after a bronchoscopy?

A 
NPO until gag reflex returns
Assess vital signs per unit protocol (q2h)
Monitor for recovery from sedation
Assess O2 stats
Assess pain
Assess swallowing
Monitor for hemorrhage and pneumothorax
24
Q

What are the responsibilities of the nurse before and after a thoracentesis?

A 
Done at the bedside
Assess baseline vital signs
Written consent
Help keep client calm and still
Analgesics as ordered
Vital signs, respirations
Assess coughing and sputum
Ensure chest xray completed.
25
Q

What are three precautions to teach clients about portable O2 administration?

A

Avoid open flames
Place No Smoking signs
Keep electrical equipment in good working order
Avoid wearing synthetic fabrics that build up static electricity
Avoid using oils in the area

26
Q

What are two methods for ensuring an accurate blood pressure reading?

A 
Right size cuff
to talking
no moving
clothing not under cuff
lessen stress
27
Q

What are two of the muscles used in respiration?

A

Diaphram, intercostals, obliques

28
Q

What are two symptoms of anemia (low level of red blood cells)?

A

SOB, change in stool color, fainting and fatigue, angina and heart attack

29
Q

What does an echocardiogram evaluate?

A 
Noninvasive ultrasound
Evaluate abnormal heart sounds
Size of heart
Size and function of cardiac structures
Direction and speed of blood flow
Presence of abnormalities
No prep or after care needed
30
Q

What does the lung scan evaluate?

A

Two part nuclear medicine scan used to diagnose a pulmonary embolism
Ventilation scan V scan) – detects ventilation abnormalities, especially in clients with emphysema – done with radioactive tracer gas
Perfusion scan (Q scan) – measure integrity of pulmonary blood vessels and evaluate blood flow abnormalities – requires radioactive injection
Used together provides greater and more accurate diagnostic information

31
Q

What effect do corticosteroids (prednisone, dexamethasone, triamcinolone, etc.) have on inflamed tissue?
What are the routes of administration?
What area common side effects?

A

Reduces inflammation

Routes: PO, IV, nebulizer, inhaler

Increased risk of infection, GI distress, insomnia

32
Q

What is a common outcome for a client who does not receive adequate pulmonary hygiene after surgery?

A

pneumonia

33
Q

What is diffusion

A
  • movement of gas particles from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration
34
Q

What is hematocrit

A

% of cells per volume in a blood sample

35
Q

What is perfusion

A

blood flow to capillary bed to provide nutrients and oxygen

36
Q

What is the difference between ventilation and respiration?

A

Ventilation – movement of air in and out of lungs through breathing

Respiration – Exchange of gases

37
Q

What structure is considered the “pacemaker” of the heart?

A

SA Node - Sinoatrial Node

38
Q

Which ventricle failure would initially cause lower extremity edema?

A

right ventricle

39
Q

who can pursed ip breathing help

A

COPD patients

Nursing 101 (23 decks)

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