Repiratory 2 Flashcards
(39 cards)
Accumulation of fluid and blood in the pleural space interferes with lung expansion, ventilation, and gas exchange.
Hemothorax
Air in the pleural space creates positive pressure, causing lung tissue to collapse.
Pneumothorax
albuterol
bronchodialator - beta adrenergic - metered dose inhaler -
anemia is ____ ____ ____ which _____ o2 carrying capacity
inadequate red blood cells (or heme)
reduces
steroid - inhaler - can cause yeast infection in mouth - rinse mouth -
beclomethasone
start small and then cough harder as you move along
cascade coughing
Causes of hypoxia
decreased hemoglobin or RBCs decreased O2 concentration (high altitude) inability of tissues to extract O2 (CO2 poisoning) decreased perfusion (pneumonia) poor tissue perfusion (shock) impaired ventilation (chest trauma) Decreased cardiac output Pneumothorax
Components of respiration assessment
Rate Rhythm Volume Character Breath sounds Lifespan considerations
Explain the difference between how wheezes and crackles sound.
Wheezes: musical noise during inspiration or expiration, usually louder during expiration
crackles: high pitched, heard during inspiration, not cleared by a cough
Factors affecting pulse
Pulse sites Pulse deficit Medications Telemetry Lifespan considerations
helps support breathing by the opening of the airways during exhalation and increasing excretion of volatile acids in the form of carbon dioxide preventing or relieving hypercapnia.
pursed ip breathing
How many liters of blood does the average male (160 lbs./5’10”) have?
5 liters
how often should a pt use an IS
optimally it would be 10 times an hour if you can get people to start with two an hour that’s great
Huff coughing
get encourage someone to lean forward an exhale sharply making the Huff sound it helps keep a central Airways open while moving the secretions out
Hypoxia is
inadequate o2 at tissue level
List three outcomes for a client who develops pneumonia after surgery.
Client will demonstrate correct use of incentive spirometer.
Client will list reasons for grandchildren not to visit.
Client will list three symptoms of possible reinfection.
Client will state amount of fluid to drink daily.
List three ways to mobilize secretions?
Hydrate – push fluids if not contraindicated
Humidification of air/O2 via humidifiers, vaporizer, etc.
Positioning
Ambulation
measures the carbon dioxide (CO2) in inhaled and exhaled air
Capnography
Normal range for arterial blood PH
7.35 - 7.45
pulmonary hygiene
keeping the lungs in as good a shape as possible
Signs and Symptoms of hypoxia
Difficulty breathing, apprehension, restlessness, inability to concentrate, dizziness, fatigue, increased pulse/respiration, increased BP, skin color changes
stacked coughing
where you take a deep breath and hold it making several small short cause instead of 1 long big one just a few times coughing is very energy depleting
What are the actions the nurse takes after a bronchoscopy?
NPO until gag reflex returns Assess vital signs per unit protocol (q2h) Monitor for recovery from sedation Assess O2 stats Assess pain Assess swallowing Monitor for hemorrhage and pneumothorax
What are the responsibilities of the nurse before and after a thoracentesis?
Done at the bedside Assess baseline vital signs Written consent Help keep client calm and still Analgesics as ordered Vital signs, respirations Assess coughing and sputum Ensure chest xray completed.
