O2 Objectives Flashcards
1st symptom you may notice in hypoventilation
change in mental status
2 prongs inserted into nostril
Does not interfere with eating or speaking
Easy home use
Disadvantages
Delivers up to 6 LPM
Nasal Cannula
A diuretic is
substance that promotes diuresis, the increased production of urine
A series of tests to detect lung volume and capacity.
Pulmonary function studies
ABG means and evaluates
Arterial Blood Gases
effectiveness of gas exchange.
Accumulation of fluid and blood in the pleural space interferes with lung expansion, ventilation, and gas exchange.
Hemothorax
Air in the pleural space creates positive pressure, causing lung collapse
pneumothorax
Allows mask to deliver the most precise concentrations of O2
Venturi Mask
Alveoli that have been overstretched, as with_______ , lose their elastic recoil over time. This loss of elasticity allows the lungs to ______ easily but inhibits deflation, leaving stale air trapped in the ________
emphysema
inflate
alveoli.
Bronchodilators are contraindicated for
clients when stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system would be dangerous – cardiac disease, vascular disease, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, etc.
Bronchoscopy Need: NPO for Assess for: Remove: NPO until: NO
informed consent 6-8 hrs prior allergies to iodine (in case of contrast) dentures gag reflex returns
No smoking, talking or coughing for several hours
Capnography measures and should be
co2 (expiratory / end tidal) 35-45
Chest xray
better if person is
standing up
Clients with ____________ become insensitive to CO2 and respond to hypoxia (low O2) levels to stimulate breathing
So . . . if __________ is given and the blood oxygen level is raised, the stimulus to breathe is _____________
COPD (emphysema)
excessive oxygen
removed
collapse of alveoli
atelectasis
Deep breathing and coughing is essential to prevent
pneumonia
Delivers highest concentration of O2 via a mask to a client who is breathing on their own
Non-Rebreather Mask
Diagnosis :inability to maintain a clear airway
Ineffective Airway Clearance
Diagnosis :used to describe inadequate ventilation, such as hypoventilation, hyperventilation, tachypnea, or bradypnea.
Ineffective Breathing Pattern
Diagnosis:appropriate diagnosis if the patient is ventilating adequately but diffusion of gases across the alveolar-capillary membrane is impaired.
Impaired Gas Exchange
Diagnosis:describes a condition in which a patient, as a result of decreased energy reserves, is unable to maintain breathing adequate to support life.
Impaired Spontaneous Ventilation
Diagnosis:should be used when there is a risk for secretions, solids, or fluids entering into tracheobronchial passages (e.g., for patients who have had head or neck surgery or who have a reduced level of consciousness).
Risk for Aspiration
drug delivery device used to administer medication in the form of a mist inhaled into the lungs.
Nebulizers
Face mask with reservoir bag
What does the bag do?
Flow rate:
O2 delivery
partial rebreather
collects first part of exhaled air - rebreathes expired air
8-11
40-70%
function of the upper airways
movement of air
Furosemide (Lasix)
Potassium wasting
help make coughing more productive.
Expectorants
Hemoglobin
M 13.8-18 g/dL F 12-16 g/dL
Important to do after using corticosteroids orally
rinse mouth afterward
is the term used to describe difficulty breathing when lying down
Orthopnea
is the term used to describe difficulty breathing when lying down
Orthopnea - needing to sit up to breathe
located in the lung and chest wall, are sensitive to breathing patterns, lung expansion, lung compliance, airway resistance, and respiratory irritants.
Lung receptors
located in the medulla of the brainstem, the carotid arteries, and the aorta, detect changes in blood pH, O2, and CO2 levels and send messages back to the central respiratory center in the brainstem
Chemoreceptors,
low oxygen level in blood
hypoxemia
Major muscle of inspiration
diaphram
Med that is Not for emergency use; concern about infection
Sore throat, coughing, dry mouth, fungal infections
Corticosteroids -beclomethasone
Meds that Combat inflammation in the airways
Broad:
Specific:
Side effect:
Corticosteroids
beclomethasone
can decrease s/s of infection, upset stomach, insomnia
Meds that Relax the smooth muscles lining the airways.
Can be administered as oral or inhaled medicines.
Broad name:
specific Med:
Side effect:
Bronchodialators
Beta-2 adrenergic agonists - albuterol
irritability, tachycardia, excitability,GI upset, arrythmias, hypertension, sweating, pallor, flushing, bronchospasm
Montelukast side effects
upper respiratory infection, fever, headache, sore throat, cough, stomach pain, diarrhea, earache or ear infection, flu, runny nose, and sinus infection.
Mucus secretions
Used to determine infection, presence of abnormal cells (cytology), acid-fast bacillus.
To determine effectiveness of therapy
Brought up from
What else can you use to help get it up
Get to lab within
sputum cultures
lungs, bronchi and trachea. It is NOT saliva.
IS
30 min
occurs when a person breathes fast and deeply to move a large amount of air through the lungs, causing too much carbon dioxide to be removed by the alveoli.
Hyperventilation
oxygen deficiency in body tissues
hypoxia
Phrenic nerve, 4th cervical damage - person cant
live on their own
Radiographic exam of thorax - visualizes respiratory and cardiac function
Can reveal
Chest xray
abnormal fluid or air, collapsed lung, pneumonia, atelectasis, pneumothorax
RBC count
M 4.5 - 5.3 F 4.1-5.1
reduce the frequency of an involuntary, hacking, nonproductive cough.
Antitussives (cough suppressants)
refers to the ease of lung inflation
Lung compliance
refers to the tendency of the elastin fibers to return to their original position away from the chest wall after being stretched (think of stretching a rubber band, then letting go of it).
Lung elasticity (or elastic recoil)
Relieve stuffy, blocked nasal passages by constricting local blood vessels through stimulation of alpha-1 adrenergic nerve receptors in the vessels.
Nasal Decongestants
Room air is __% o2
21
Simple face mask flow rate:
O2 delivery :
5-10 LPM
35-50%
spironolactone
Potassium sparing
T/F codeine can be added to cough med to suppress cough
T
Test that used to evaluate o2 use under stress (exercising )
Pulmonary function studies
Typically used when flow rates are greater than 3 LPM OR if client complains of nasal dryness
Humidification
used to prevent wheezing, difficulty breathing, chest tightness, and coughing caused by asthma
Montelukast
What are the normal breath sounds heard in the lungs?
vesicular
bronchovesicular
bronchial
What is splinting used for
coughing, esp after surgery to promote cough
What is the purpose of surfactant in the lung?
to reduce surface tension in the alveoli
When using bronchodialator (albuterol) and corticosteroid (beclomethasone) - which first - why
albuterol - absorbed better
